Pediomelum argophyllum |
Pediomelum mephiticum |
|
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silverleaf Indian breadroot, silverleaf scurfpea |
skunktop |
|
Habit | Herbs caulescent, to 100 cm, mostly glandular throughout, silvery-sericeous. | Herbs acaulescent or subacaulescent, 4–16 cm, mostly glandular (with obvious blond to dark brown glands) and pubescent throughout. |
Stems | ± erect, branched distally, branches subtended by leaves, leaves dispersed along stems, more so distally; pseudoscapes to 10 cm (when present); cataphylls 9–20 mm, glabrous or pubescent apically. |
erect, unbranched, retrorsely hairy, leaves clustered; pseudoscapes mainly subterranean, to 4 cm; cataphylls 0–5 mm, glabrous or pubescent. |
Leaves | palmately 3–6-foliolate; stipules tardily deciduous proximally, persistent distally, linear, 8–18 × 2–4 mm, rarely glandular, glabrous; petiole not swollen or jointed basally, slightly canaliculate, 2–55 mm, strigose; petiolules 1–4 mm; leaflet blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or orbiculate, 1.1–4.5 × 0.6–2.2 cm, base attenuate, apex acute, acuminate to apiculate, surfaces abaxially sparsely to densely sericeous, rarely eglandular, adaxially glabrous or less sericeous. |
palmately 5(or 6)-foliolate; stipules usually persistent, sometimes tardily deciduous, lanceolate to elliptic, (4–)7–11 × 2.5–8 mm, glabrate to pubescent; petiole jointed basally, (30–)50–120 mm, retrorse-hairy; petiolules 2–3 mm; leaflet blades abaxially gray-green, adaxially green to yellow-green, cuneate-obovate to orbiculate, (1.5–)2–4 × (0.8–)1.5–3.5 cm, base cuneate, apex broadly acute to rounded or retuse, surfaces glandular and pubescent. |
Inflorescences | persistent, oblong, elongate; rachis 0–6 cm, exposed, nodes (1 or)2–4(–8), (1–)3 flowers per node, internodes 3–7(–17) mm; bracts persistent, linear to lanceolate or elliptic, 3–9 × 1.5–4 mm, sericeous. |
disjointing in age at peduncle base, globose to elongate, 1.5–5(–8) cm; rachis 1.5–2.5 cm, nodes 4–6(–10), (2 or)3 flowers per node, internodes to 8 mm; bracts tardily deciduous or persistent, ovate to elliptic, 5–12 × 3–7 mm, long-pubescent. |
Peduncles | 3–9 cm, longer than subtending petiole, densely white-strigose. |
(2–)4–8(–10) cm, equal to or shorter than subtending petiole, pilose, hairs spreading or spreading-retrorse. |
Pedicels | 0.5–1 mm. |
2–4(–6) mm. |
Flowers | 7–11 mm; calyx elongating and becoming broadly and shallowly campanulate in fruit but not gibbous, 6–8 mm abaxially, 4–6 mm adaxially, glandular (glands often hidden by hairs), sericeous (sometimes sparsely so); tube 2–3 mm; lobes linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, abaxial 4.5–5 × 2–2.5 mm, adaxial 1.5 × 1 mm; corolla deep blue, banner oblanceolate to obovate or orbiculate, 6–7.5 × 3.5–5 mm with claw 1.5–2 mm, wings 6–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm with claw 2–2.5 mm, keel 5–6 × 1.5–2 mm with claw 2–3 mm; filaments 4.5–5 mm; anthers elliptic, 0.4 mm; ovary glabrous proximally, canescent on distal 2/3, style canescent basally. |
10–13 mm; calyx gibbous-campanulate in fruit, 10–12.5 mm abaxially, 10–12 mm adaxially, glandular, pubescent; tube 2.5–4 mm; lobes linear or linear-lanceolate to elliptic, abaxial 7–9 × 2–3 mm, adaxial 4–8 × 1–1.5 mm; corolla mostly purple, banner white to ochroleucous, elliptic to oblanceolate, 9–12 × 6 mm with claw 2–4 mm, wings 10–12 × 2–2.5 mm with claw 4–4.5 mm, keel 8–9 × 2–3 mm with claw 3.5–4.5 mm; filaments 7–8.5 mm; anthers elliptic, 0.3 mm; ovary glabrous or pubescent apically, style glabrous or pubescent proximally. |
Legumes | narrowly oblong, 5–6 × 3–4.5 mm, obscurely glandular, tomentose, beak 3–5 mm, equal to or slightly longer than calyx. |
globose to ovoid, 5–7 × 3.5–5 mm, eglandular, pubescent on adaxial 1/2, beak 1–4 mm, not exserted beyond calyx. |
Seed | red-brown, round-reniform, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, dull. |
red-brown to dark brown or gray-green and black-mottled, ellipsoid to reniform, 4–5 × 3 mm. |
2n | = 22. |
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Pediomelum argophyllum |
Pediomelum mephiticum |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Grasslands. | Rocky or sandy soils, pine, juniper, or oak woodlands. |
Elevation | 200–1500 m. (700–4900 ft.) | 700–2000 m. (2300–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CO; IA; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NY; OK; SD; TX; WI; WY; AB; MB; SK
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AZ; NV; UT
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Discussion | Pediomelum argophyllum is unique in the genus in its gray, silvery pubescence, earning it the common name silverleaf Indian breadroot. It has one of the widest distributions of its congeners, ranging from Canada to Texas, but seems more prevalent in the northern states. It has been used by native cultures for food or medicine for at least 2500 years (D. F. Dexter et al. 2014). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The type locality of Pediomelum mephiticum is stated as Beaver City, Utah, which is largely agreed to be erroneous. The type locality is more likely Beaver Dam, Arizona (J. W. Grimes 1990). Pediomelum mephiticum is known from Mohave County in Arizona, Clark and Lincoln counties in Nevada, and Washington County in Utah. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Psoralea argophylla | Psoralea mephitica |
Name authority | (Pursh) J. W. Grimes: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 61: 69. (1990) | (S. Watson) Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 24: 22. (1919) |
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