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silverleaf Indian breadroot, silverleaf scurfpea

breadroot, intermountain Indian breadroot, large-flower Indian breadroot

Habit Herbs caulescent, to 100 cm, mostly glandular throughout, silvery-sericeous. Herbs mostly acaulescent, 4–25 cm, glandular (with obvious blond to dark brown glands) and pubescent.
Stems

± erect, branched distally, branches subtended by leaves, leaves dispersed along stems, more so distally;

pseudoscapes to 10 cm (when present);

cataphylls 9–20 mm, glabrous or pubescent apically.

erect to decumbent, short and hidden by stipules, sometimes with decumbent lateral stems with dense cluster of leaves and inflorescences distally, unbranched, leaves clustered;

pseudoscapes to 0.5 cm;

cataphylls to 15 mm, conspicuously veined.

Leaves

palmately 3–6-foliolate;

stipules tardily deciduous proximally, persistent distally, linear, 8–18 × 2–4 mm, rarely glandular, glabrous;

petiole not swollen or jointed basally, slightly canaliculate, 2–55 mm, strigose;

petiolules 1–4 mm;

leaflet blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or orbiculate, 1.1–4.5 × 0.6–2.2 cm, base attenuate, apex acute, acuminate to apiculate, surfaces abaxially sparsely to densely sericeous, rarely eglandular, adaxially glabrous or less sericeous.

palmately 5(–8)-foliolate;

stipules persistent, lanceolate to elliptic, 5–14 × 2.5–5 mm, pubescent;

petiole jointed to leaf spur, 4–13(–15) mm, glabrate to sparsely pubescent;

petiolule 0.5–2 mm;

leaflet blades broadly ovate, orbiculate, oblanceolate, or ± rhombic, 1–4 × 0.6–4 cm, base cuneate or attenuate, apex rounded to broadly acute, surfaces gray-green to yellow-green, sometimes bicolor, glandular, appressed-pubescent.

Inflorescences

persistent, oblong, elongate;

rachis 0–6 cm, exposed, nodes (1 or)2–4(–8), (1–)3 flowers per node, internodes 3–7(–17) mm;

bracts persistent, linear to lanceolate or elliptic, 3–9 × 1.5–4 mm, sericeous.

disjointing in age at peduncle base, subglobose to elongate;

rachis 0.5–7 cm, elongating in fruit, nodes 2–10, (1–)3(or 4) flowers per node, internodes relatively short or to 9 mm;

bracts tardily deciduous, oblanceolate, lanceolate, or elliptic, (6–)8–13(–18) × 2.5–10 mm, eglandular to sparsely glandular, strigose abaxially.

Peduncles

3–9 cm, longer than subtending petiole, densely white-strigose.

2.5–7.5(–10) cm, shorter than subtending petiole, pubescent, with relatively long, erect to reflexed hairs or with hairs of 2 types: short, appressed to incurved-ascending hairs and long, spreading-erect to reflexed, straight to curly hairs.

Pedicels

0.5–1 mm.

1.5–6(–8) mm.

Flowers

7–11 mm;

calyx elongating and becoming broadly and shallowly campanulate in fruit but not gibbous, 6–8 mm abaxially, 4–6 mm adaxially, glandular (glands often hidden by hairs), sericeous (sometimes sparsely so);

tube 2–3 mm;

lobes linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, abaxial 4.5–5 × 2–2.5 mm, adaxial 1.5 × 1 mm;

corolla deep blue, banner oblanceolate to obovate or orbiculate, 6–7.5 × 3.5–5 mm with claw 1.5–2 mm, wings 6–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm with claw 2–2.5 mm, keel 5–6 × 1.5–2 mm with claw 2–3 mm;

filaments 4.5–5 mm;

anthers elliptic, 0.4 mm;

ovary glabrous proximally, canescent on distal 2/3, style canescent basally.

(13–)15–20(–22) mm;

calyx gibbous-campanulate in fruit, (14–)16–19 mm abaxially, (13–)15–17 mm adaxially, eglandular or minutely glandular, setose or with appressed hairs;

tube 6–8(–10) mm;

lobes lanceolate to oblanceolate or elliptic, abaxial 7–10 × 2.5–3 mm, adaxial 6–8 × 1–2 mm;

corolla whitish blue to purple, banner lighter than or similar to wings and keel, obovate-lanceolate, 16–22 × 6–9 mm with claw 6–7 mm, wings 13–20 × 2–3 mm with claw 8–10 mm, keel 14–16 × 2–3 mm with claw 8–9 mm, blade with darker blotch distal to middle;

filaments 13–17 mm;

anthers elliptic, 0.3 mm;

ovary pubescent throughout or on distal 1/2, style pubescent at base.

Legumes

narrowly oblong, 5–6 × 3–4.5 mm, obscurely glandular, tomentose, beak 3–5 mm, equal to or slightly longer than calyx.

oval-ellipsoid, 6–9 × 4–5 mm, eglandular, erect- to appressed-pubescent distally, beak attenuate, (3–)5–8 mm, included within calyx.

Seed

red-brown, round-reniform, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, dull.

brown, reniform-elliptic, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, shiny.

2n

= 22.

Pediomelum argophyllum

Pediomelum megalanthum

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering spring–late summer.
Habitat Grasslands. Decaying sandstone and clay soils on rock outcrops, desert shrub and pinyon-juniper communities.
Elevation 200–1500 m. (700–4900 ft.) 500–2000 m. (1600–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; IA; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NY; OK; SD; TX; WI; WY; AB; MB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CO; NM; NV; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pediomelum argophyllum is unique in the genus in its gray, silvery pubescence, earning it the common name silverleaf Indian breadroot. It has one of the widest distributions of its congeners, ranging from Canada to Texas, but seems more prevalent in the northern states. It has been used by native cultures for food or medicine for at least 2500 years (D. F. Dexter et al. 2014).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pediomelum megalanthum and its varieties have variably been recognized at specific or varietal levels. J. W. Grimes (1990) and D. Isely (1998) included P. epipsilum as a variety under P. megalanthum along with var. retrorsum and var. megalanthum, while others have recognized these at the specific level (S. L. Welsh et al. 1993), based largely on the directionality and type of peduncle vestiture. A recent morphometric analysis showed no clear break between vars. megalanthum and retrorsum (A. N. Egan 2015). Intrapopulational variation in peduncle vestiture and hair type has also been observed (Max Licher and John Anderson, pers. comm.). Therefore, these are here recognized as a single species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum
Sibling taxa
P. aromaticum, P. californicum, P. canescens, P. castoreum, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
P. argophyllum, P. aromaticum, P. californicum, P. canescens, P. castoreum, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
Synonyms Psoralea argophylla Psoralea megalantha, P. megalanthum var. retrorsum, P. retrorsum, Psoralea mephitica var. retrorsa, P. retrorsa
Name authority (Pursh) J. W. Grimes: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 61: 69. (1990) (Wooton & Standley) Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 24: 22. (1919)
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