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silverleaf Indian breadroot, silverleaf scurfpea

narrowleaf Indian breadroot, slimleaf scurfpea

Habit Herbs caulescent, to 100 cm, mostly glandular throughout, silvery-sericeous. Herbs caulescent, to 175 cm, glandular and sparsely strigose or glabrate.
Stems

± erect, branched distally, branches subtended by leaves, leaves dispersed along stems, more so distally;

pseudoscapes to 10 cm (when present);

cataphylls 9–20 mm, glabrous or pubescent apically.

erect, several branched distally, leaves dispersed along stems;

pseudoscapes 0;

cataphylls often deciduous, sometime persistent, 5–12 mm.

Leaves

palmately 3–6-foliolate;

stipules tardily deciduous proximally, persistent distally, linear, 8–18 × 2–4 mm, rarely glandular, glabrous;

petiole not swollen or jointed basally, slightly canaliculate, 2–55 mm, strigose;

petiolules 1–4 mm;

leaflet blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or orbiculate, 1.1–4.5 × 0.6–2.2 cm, base attenuate, apex acute, acuminate to apiculate, surfaces abaxially sparsely to densely sericeous, rarely eglandular, adaxially glabrous or less sericeous.

palmately 3(or 4)-foliolate, or unifoliolate when subtending inflorescences;

stipules tardily deciduous or persistent, linear-lanceolate to elliptic or rhombic, 3–10(–12) × 0.5–1.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely strigose;

petiole not swollen or jointed basally, terete to slightly canaliculate, 3–11 mm;

petiolules 0.5–3 mm;

leaflet blades linear or narrowly to broadly elliptic, 2–6 × 0.3–0.6 cm, base attenuate, apex acuminate to apiculate, surfaces black-glandular, abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous.

Inflorescences

persistent, oblong, elongate;

rachis 0–6 cm, exposed, nodes (1 or)2–4(–8), (1–)3 flowers per node, internodes 3–7(–17) mm;

bracts persistent, linear to lanceolate or elliptic, 3–9 × 1.5–4 mm, sericeous.

persistent, elongate, lax;

rachis 1.2–9.5 cm, nodes 3–7, (1–)3 flowers per node, internodes to 22 mm;

bracts persistent, lanceolate to orbiculate, 1.5–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, apex often apiculate, glandular and glabrous or abaxially pubescent.

Peduncles

3–9 cm, longer than subtending petiole, densely white-strigose.

0.8–10.5 cm, much longer than subtending petiole, appressed-pubescent.

Pedicels

0.5–1 mm.

3.5–10 mm.

Flowers

7–11 mm;

calyx elongating and becoming broadly and shallowly campanulate in fruit but not gibbous, 6–8 mm abaxially, 4–6 mm adaxially, glandular (glands often hidden by hairs), sericeous (sometimes sparsely so);

tube 2–3 mm;

lobes linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, abaxial 4.5–5 × 2–2.5 mm, adaxial 1.5 × 1 mm;

corolla deep blue, banner oblanceolate to obovate or orbiculate, 6–7.5 × 3.5–5 mm with claw 1.5–2 mm, wings 6–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm with claw 2–2.5 mm, keel 5–6 × 1.5–2 mm with claw 2–3 mm;

filaments 4.5–5 mm;

anthers elliptic, 0.4 mm;

ovary glabrous proximally, canescent on distal 2/3, style canescent basally.

8–11 mm;

calyx slightly enlarging in fruit becoming broadly and shallowly campanulate but not gibbous, 4.5–6 mm abaxially, 4–5.5 mm adaxially, glandular, appressed-pubescent, sometimes sparsely so;

tube 2.5–4 mm;

lobes triangular, abaxial 2–4 × 1.5–2.5 mm, adaxial 1.5–3.5 × 1–2 mm;

corolla usually blue-violet to violet-purple, sometimes white, banner usually lighter in throat, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 8–11.5 × 5–7 mm with claw 2–2.5 mm, wings 8–11.5 × 2–3 mm with claw 2–4 mm, keel 6–7 × 2–2.5 mm with claw 3–3.5 mm;

filaments 6–6.5 mm;

anthers elliptic, 0.5 mm;

ovary glabrous, sometimes minutely pubescent apically, style glabrous or minutely pubescent basally.

Legumes

narrowly oblong, 5–6 × 3–4.5 mm, obscurely glandular, tomentose, beak 3–5 mm, equal to or slightly longer than calyx.

broadly ellipsoid to globose, 8–10.5 × 8.5–10.5 mm, glandular, glabrous, beak 3–3.5 mm, exserted beyond calyx.

Seed

red-brown, round-reniform, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, dull.

olive green to light brown, globose-reniform, 4–6 × 3–4 mm.

2n

= 22.

Pediomelum argophyllum

Pediomelum linearifolium

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering summer.
Habitat Grasslands. Grasslands, shrub and open woodland communities.
Elevation 200–1500 m. (700–4900 ft.) 100–1500 m. (300–4900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; IA; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NY; OK; SD; TX; WI; WY; AB; MB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CO; KS; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pediomelum argophyllum is unique in the genus in its gray, silvery pubescence, earning it the common name silverleaf Indian breadroot. It has one of the widest distributions of its congeners, ranging from Canada to Texas, but seems more prevalent in the northern states. It has been used by native cultures for food or medicine for at least 2500 years (D. F. Dexter et al. 2014).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pediomelum linearifolium is easily distinguished from its congeners by the tall, gangly habit (more than 1 m) and lax inflorescences that nod (as opposed to tight heads in P. reverchonii, another species that achieves a tall habit), and by being glandular throughout (as opposed to P. digitatum, which has eglandular calyces).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum
Sibling taxa
P. aromaticum, P. californicum, P. canescens, P. castoreum, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
P. argophyllum, P. aromaticum, P. californicum, P. canescens, P. castoreum, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
Synonyms Psoralea argophylla Psoralea linearifolia, Psoralidium linearifolium
Name authority (Pursh) J. W. Grimes: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 61: 69. (1990) (Torrey & A. Gray) J. W. Grimes: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 61: 72. (1990)
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