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silverleaf Indian breadroot, silverleaf scurfpea

buckroot

Habit Herbs caulescent, to 100 cm, mostly glandular throughout, silvery-sericeous. Herbs caulescent, to 100 cm, mostly glandular throughout and strigose or canescent.
Stems

± erect, branched distally, branches subtended by leaves, leaves dispersed along stems, more so distally;

pseudoscapes to 10 cm (when present);

cataphylls 9–20 mm, glabrous or pubescent apically.

usually 1, rarely 2, erect, unbranched proximally to much branched distally, leaves dispersed along distal branches;

pseudoscapes 0;

cataphylls 6–11 mm (when present), glabrous.

Leaves

palmately 3–6-foliolate;

stipules tardily deciduous proximally, persistent distally, linear, 8–18 × 2–4 mm, rarely glandular, glabrous;

petiole not swollen or jointed basally, slightly canaliculate, 2–55 mm, strigose;

petiolules 1–4 mm;

leaflet blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or orbiculate, 1.1–4.5 × 0.6–2.2 cm, base attenuate, apex acute, acuminate to apiculate, surfaces abaxially sparsely to densely sericeous, rarely eglandular, adaxially glabrous or less sericeous.

palmately 1 or 3-foliolate;

stipules absent;

petiole not swollen or jointed basally, slightly canaliculate, (0 or)2–6(–10) mm, usually shorter than petiolule, rarely to 1 mm longer, strigose;

petiolules often adnate to leaf spur, 5–9 mm;

leaflet blades broadly elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate to orbiculate, 3–5 × 2–3.2 cm, base attenuate, apex acute to rounded, surfaces abaxially densely canescent, adaxially glabrous or glabrate.

Inflorescences

persistent, oblong, elongate;

rachis 0–6 cm, exposed, nodes (1 or)2–4(–8), (1–)3 flowers per node, internodes 3–7(–17) mm;

bracts persistent, linear to lanceolate or elliptic, 3–9 × 1.5–4 mm, sericeous.

persistent, loose, much of rachis exposed, ovoid-ellipsoid or shortly elongate;

rachis loose, 1.5–5.5 cm, elongating in fruit, nodes (2 or)3–6, 3 flowers per node;

bracts persistent or tardily deciduous, lanceolate to broadly elliptic, 7–12 × 4–5 mm, appressed-pubescent to canescent.

Peduncles

3–9 cm, longer than subtending petiole, densely white-strigose.

2.7–8.2 cm, longer than subtending petiole, canescent.

Pedicels

0.5–1 mm.

4–5 mm.

Flowers

7–11 mm;

calyx elongating and becoming broadly and shallowly campanulate in fruit but not gibbous, 6–8 mm abaxially, 4–6 mm adaxially, glandular (glands often hidden by hairs), sericeous (sometimes sparsely so);

tube 2–3 mm;

lobes linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, abaxial 4.5–5 × 2–2.5 mm, adaxial 1.5 × 1 mm;

corolla deep blue, banner oblanceolate to obovate or orbiculate, 6–7.5 × 3.5–5 mm with claw 1.5–2 mm, wings 6–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm with claw 2–2.5 mm, keel 5–6 × 1.5–2 mm with claw 2–3 mm;

filaments 4.5–5 mm;

anthers elliptic, 0.4 mm;

ovary glabrous proximally, canescent on distal 2/3, style canescent basally.

11–16 mm;

calyx broadly campanulate in fruit, 8–12 mm abaxially, 7–9 mm adaxially, glandular, strigulose to canescent;

tube 3–5 mm;

lobes triangular or narrowly elliptic, abaxial 4.5–6 × 2.5 mm, adaxial 2–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm;

corolla blue to blue-purple, sometimes fading yellowish green, banner oblanceolate, 11–15 × 6–8 mm with claw 3–5 mm, wings 10–13 × 2.5–3 mm with claw 4–5 mm, keel 7.5–9 × 2–2.5 mm with claw 4–5 mm;

filaments 9–9.5 mm;

anthers broadly elliptic, 0.5 mm;

ovary glabrous or pubescent, style pubescent on proximal 1/2.

Legumes

narrowly oblong, 5–6 × 3–4.5 mm, obscurely glandular, tomentose, beak 3–5 mm, equal to or slightly longer than calyx.

ellipsoid, 5–6 × 4–5 mm, densely glandular, pubescent, beak 4–6 mm, equal to or slightly shorter than calyx.

Seed

red-brown, round-reniform, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, dull.

gray-green to red-brown, reniform, 4–5 × 3–4 mm.

2n

= 22.

Pediomelum argophyllum

Pediomelum canescens

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering summer.
Habitat Grasslands. Sandy soils, open woodlands, pine barrens.
Elevation 200–1500 m. (700–4900 ft.) 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; IA; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NY; OK; SD; TX; WI; WY; AB; MB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pediomelum argophyllum is unique in the genus in its gray, silvery pubescence, earning it the common name silverleaf Indian breadroot. It has one of the widest distributions of its congeners, ranging from Canada to Texas, but seems more prevalent in the northern states. It has been used by native cultures for food or medicine for at least 2500 years (D. F. Dexter et al. 2014).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pediomelum canescens is found only in the Atlantic Coastal Plain in Florida and southern portions of Alabama and Georgia, with isolated populations known from the Carolinas and Sussex County, Virginia. It is well distinguished within the genus by the petioles being shorter than petiolules, particularly in middle and distal leaves.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum
Sibling taxa
P. aromaticum, P. californicum, P. canescens, P. castoreum, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
P. argophyllum, P. aromaticum, P. californicum, P. castoreum, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
Synonyms Psoralea argophylla Psoralea canescens
Name authority (Pursh) J. W. Grimes: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 61: 69. (1990) (Michaux) Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 24: 18. (1919)
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