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silverleaf Indian breadroot, silverleaf scurfpea

California Indian breadroot, Indian breadroot

Habit Herbs caulescent, to 100 cm, mostly glandular throughout, silvery-sericeous. Herbs subacaulescent to shortly caulescent, to 26 cm, mostly glandular (with obvious blond to dark brown glands) and pubescent throughout.
Stems

± erect, branched distally, branches subtended by leaves, leaves dispersed along stems, more so distally;

pseudoscapes to 10 cm (when present);

cataphylls 9–20 mm, glabrous or pubescent apically.

short-erect, branched sparsely proximally and often with decumbent lateral branches, to 26 cm at maturity, these with terminal cluster of leaves and inflorescences, very rarely branched again, leaves dispersed along short main stem or appearing clustered at base;

pseudoscapes to 4 cm;

cataphylls 0.5–7 mm, glabrous.

Leaves

palmately 3–6-foliolate;

stipules tardily deciduous proximally, persistent distally, linear, 8–18 × 2–4 mm, rarely glandular, glabrous;

petiole not swollen or jointed basally, slightly canaliculate, 2–55 mm, strigose;

petiolules 1–4 mm;

leaflet blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or orbiculate, 1.1–4.5 × 0.6–2.2 cm, base attenuate, apex acute, acuminate to apiculate, surfaces abaxially sparsely to densely sericeous, rarely eglandular, adaxially glabrous or less sericeous.

palmately 5–7-foliolate;

stipules tardily deciduous or persistent, lanceolate to slightly falcate, 7–10 × 2.5–3 mm, stramineous, appressed-spreading pubescent;

petiole slightly enlarged and jointed basally, (20–)40–100(–110) mm, sparsely glandular abaxially, appressed-spreading pubescent;

petiolules 1.5–2.5 mm;

leaflet blades obovate to slightly rhombic, 1.3–3 × 1–1.7 cm, base attenuate, apex broadly acute to rounded or retuse, surfaces glandular and appressed-pubescent.

Inflorescences

persistent, oblong, elongate;

rachis 0–6 cm, exposed, nodes (1 or)2–4(–8), (1–)3 flowers per node, internodes 3–7(–17) mm;

bracts persistent, linear to lanceolate or elliptic, 3–9 × 1.5–4 mm, sericeous.

disjointing in age at peduncle base, globose to slightly elongate;

rachis 0.7–2.5 cm, fairly crowded, nodes (2–)4–10, (1 or)2 or 3 flowers per node, internodes to 9 mm;

bracts tardily deciduous or persistent, oblanceolate to elliptic, 6.5–8 × 2–4 mm, appressed-spreading pubescent.

Peduncles

3–9 cm, longer than subtending petiole, densely white-strigose.

(1.5–)2.5–6.5 cm, shorter than subtending petiole, appressed-spreading pubescent.

Pedicels

0.5–1 mm.

3–5(–7) mm.

Flowers

7–11 mm;

calyx elongating and becoming broadly and shallowly campanulate in fruit but not gibbous, 6–8 mm abaxially, 4–6 mm adaxially, glandular (glands often hidden by hairs), sericeous (sometimes sparsely so);

tube 2–3 mm;

lobes linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, abaxial 4.5–5 × 2–2.5 mm, adaxial 1.5 × 1 mm;

corolla deep blue, banner oblanceolate to obovate or orbiculate, 6–7.5 × 3.5–5 mm with claw 1.5–2 mm, wings 6–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm with claw 2–2.5 mm, keel 5–6 × 1.5–2 mm with claw 2–3 mm;

filaments 4.5–5 mm;

anthers elliptic, 0.4 mm;

ovary glabrous proximally, canescent on distal 2/3, style canescent basally.

8–12 mm;

calyx gibbous-campanulate in fruit, 9.5–10.5 mm abaxially, 8.5–10 mm adaxially, glandular, white-villous;

tube 2–3 mm;

abaxial lobe elliptic to oblanceolate, 6.5–8.5 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial lobe linear to linear-lanceolate, 6.5–7.5 × 1–1.5 mm;

corolla blue to violet, banner usually white or lighter than other petals, oblanceolate, 10–11 × 6 mm with claw 2.5–3 mm, wings 9.5–10.5 × 2–2.5 mm with claw 2.5–3.5 mm, keel 7–8 × 2–3 mm with claw 3–4 mm;

filaments 6.5–7 mm;

anthers elliptic, 0.3 mm;

ovary pubescent apically, style pubescent basally.

Legumes

narrowly oblong, 5–6 × 3–4.5 mm, obscurely glandular, tomentose, beak 3–5 mm, equal to or slightly longer than calyx.

ellipsoid to ovoid, 4–9 × 3.5–5 mm, eglandular, short-pubescent, beak linear, 1–4 mm, not exserted beyond calyx.

Seed

red-brown, round-reniform, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, dull.

red-brown to brown, black-mottled, narrowly reniform, 5–5.5 × 3–3.5 mm.

2n

= 22.

= 22.

Pediomelum argophyllum

Pediomelum californicum

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat Grasslands. Rocky soils, chaparral, pine, juniper, or oak woodland openings.
Elevation 200–1500 m. (700–4900 ft.) 500–2500 m. (1600–8200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; IA; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NY; OK; SD; TX; WI; WY; AB; MB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pediomelum argophyllum is unique in the genus in its gray, silvery pubescence, earning it the common name silverleaf Indian breadroot. It has one of the widest distributions of its congeners, ranging from Canada to Texas, but seems more prevalent in the northern states. It has been used by native cultures for food or medicine for at least 2500 years (D. F. Dexter et al. 2014).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pediomelum californicum is morphologically similar to P. mephiticum, and some have chosen to combine them into a single species (A. M. Vail 1894), suggesting that P. californicum is simply a disjunct P. mephiticum. Others have relied on the distinct geographic separation and difference in caulescent versus acaulescent habit as distinguishing characters (J. W. Grimes 1990; S. L. Welsh et al. 1993).

Pediomelum californicum is found from Tehama County southward to San Diego County and northern Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum
Sibling taxa
P. aromaticum, P. californicum, P. canescens, P. castoreum, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
P. argophyllum, P. aromaticum, P. canescens, P. castoreum, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
Synonyms Psoralea argophylla Psoralea californica, P. monticola
Name authority (Pursh) J. W. Grimes: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 61: 69. (1990) (S. Watson) Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 24: 21. (1919)
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