Pedicularis sudetica |
Pedicularis pennellii |
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fernweed, Oeder's lousewort, sudetan lousewort, sudeten lousewort, sudetic lousewort |
Pennell's lousewort |
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Habit | Plants 2–45 cm. | Plants 4–30 cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | basal 1–20, blade elliptic to lanceolate, 10–110 x 3–26 mm, 1- or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, serrate, surfaces glabrous; cauline 0–5, blade lanceolate to elliptic, 20–90 x 2–20 mm, 1- or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, 1- or 2-serrate, surfaces glabrous, some hairs along veins on abaxial surface. |
basal 0–2, blade elliptic, 1–10 x 1–5 mm, 1-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, dentate, surfaces glabrous; cauline 0–5, blade lanceolate or elliptic to deltate, 7–30 x 1–25 mm, 1- or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, serrate, surfaces glabrous. |
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Racemes | simple, 1–4, exceeding basal leaves, each 10–50-flowered; bracts linear to subulate or trullate, 2–15 x 1–4 mm, undivided with or without long auricles, or 1-pinnatifid, margins entire, serrate, or serrulate, surfaces glabrous, white- or yellowish white-lanate, or sparsely pilose. |
simple or paniculate, 1–3, exceeding basal leaves, each 8–20-flowered; bracts deltate, 5–20 x 10–15 mm, 1- or 2-pinnatifid nearly to midrib, lobes sometimes laciniate, margins serrate, surfaces glabrous. |
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Pedicels | 1–2.5 mm. |
1–1.5 mm. |
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Flowers | calyx 7–13 mm, glabrous, white-lanate, yellowish white-lanate, or sparsely pilose, lobes 5, subulate or triangular, 1.5–5 mm, apex entire, crenulate, or serrulate, glabrous, sometimes ciliate; corolla 16–21 mm, tube pink, purple, or magenta, 9–11 mm; galea purple, magenta, or bicolored, 7–12 mm, beakless, margins entire medially, 1-toothed or entire distally, apex arching over abaxial lip; abaxial lip white or pink with purple spots, purple, or magenta, 4–8 mm. |
calyx 3.5–8.5 mm, glabrous, lobes 2(–4), triangular, 2–6 mm, apex dentate to 2-dentate, glabrous; corolla 8–16 mm, tube light pink to purple, 5–9 mm; galea bicolored, yellow with purple spots proximally, purple distally, 3–6.5 mm, beakless, margins 1-toothed medially and distally, apex straight to arching slightly over abaxial lip; abaxial lip yellow to pink with purple spots, 3–8 mm. |
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2n | = 16 (Asia). |
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Pedicularis sudetica |
Pedicularis pennellii |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Moist tundras, stream banks, wet terraces, willow thickets, wet meadows, fens, bogs. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; CO; NM; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; YT; Eurasia
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AK; BC; Asia |
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Discussion | Subspecies 6 (5 in the flora). Pedicularis sudetica is a difficult complex. Hultén employed the degree of lobing on subtending floral bracts, length of corolla tubes, and inflorescence vestiture in recognizing eight infraspecific taxa. U. Molau and D. F. Murray (1996) emphasized presence or absence of spots on the abaxial lip, inflorescence vestiture, length of petioles and calyx, and ecological features to define four species, subsuming several of Hultén’s other subspecific taxa into these species. According to Molau and Murray, P. sudetica in the narrow sense is a morphologically distinct, disjunct taxon endemic to the Sudeten Mountains of central Europe, but part of the broader circumscription by Hultén (1961, 1964), which is treated here as the sixth subspecies. U. Molau and D. F. Murray (1996) did not include subsp. scopulorum in their analysis, noting only that teeth are virtually absent on the galea of Pedicularis scopulorum. Presence or absence of apical teeth on the margins of the galea often distinguishes species in other Pedicularis taxa. Because teeth are sometimes present in this taxon, it is treated here as one of the five North American subspecies in the broad sense of P. sudetica. A recent molecular study confirms its close relationship to other members of the complex (B. W. Robart et al. 2015). When comparing the two alternative taxonomies, the treatment by U. Molau and D. F. Murray (1996) is easier to apply. Close inspection of specimens identified as these species often reveals combinations of traits attributable to more than one taxon; Molau and Murray reported finding hybridization common between Pedicularis albolabiata and P. arctoeuropaea, and P. albolabiata and P. pacifica where habitats overlap, indicating that reproductive isolation is not complete. Recognition of these taxa as varieties may be more appropriate considering the broad geographic overlap where the few distinguishing features tend to intergrade. They are treated here, however, as subspecies. The following key is modified from Molau and Murray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pedicularis palustris and P. pennellii are extensively branched, with branching in P. pennellii more compact and subequal, making it appear shrubby. The branches of P. palustris, in contrast, become progressively shorter distally on the stem, giving the plant a pyramidal appearance. Calder and Taylor recognized subsp. insularis by its smaller or sometimes absent apical teeth on the galea margins. Boivin subsequently reduced it to a variety. Given this minor difference, this taxon (found only on Haida Gwaii [the Queen Charlotte Islands] of British Columbia) is not recognized here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 532. | FNA vol. 17, p. 529. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Pedicularis | Orobanchaceae > Pedicularis | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | P. parviflora subsp. pennellii, P. pennellii subsp. insularis, P. pennellii var. insularis | |||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 209. (1800) | Hultén: Fl. Aleut. Isl., 300, plate 14. (1937) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |