Pedicularis sudetica |
Pedicularis chamissonis |
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fernweed, Oeder's lousewort, sudetan lousewort, sudeten lousewort, sudetic lousewort |
Chamisso's lousewort |
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Habit | Plants 2–45 cm. | Plants 10–25 cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | basal 1–20, blade elliptic to lanceolate, 10–110 x 3–26 mm, 1- or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, serrate, surfaces glabrous; cauline 0–5, blade lanceolate to elliptic, 20–90 x 2–20 mm, 1- or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, 1- or 2-serrate, surfaces glabrous, some hairs along veins on abaxial surface. |
basal 5–15, blade lanceolate, 15–40 x 10–20 mm, 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, serrate, surfaces glabrous; cauline whorled, whorls 1–4, leaves per whorl 3–5, blade lanceolate, 10–60 x 10–30 mm, 1- or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, entire or serrate, surfaces glabrous. |
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Racemes | simple, 1–4, exceeding basal leaves, each 10–50-flowered; bracts linear to subulate or trullate, 2–15 x 1–4 mm, undivided with or without long auricles, or 1-pinnatifid, margins entire, serrate, or serrulate, surfaces glabrous, white- or yellowish white-lanate, or sparsely pilose. |
verticillate, 1–3, exceeding basal leaves, each 8–20-flowered; bracts lanceolate to subulate, 10–30 x 5–10 mm, 1-pinnatifid or undivided, margins serrate to 2-serrate, surfaces glabrous. |
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Pedicels | 1–2.5 mm. |
1.5–2.5 mm. |
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Flowers | calyx 7–13 mm, glabrous, white-lanate, yellowish white-lanate, or sparsely pilose, lobes 5, subulate or triangular, 1.5–5 mm, apex entire, crenulate, or serrulate, glabrous, sometimes ciliate; corolla 16–21 mm, tube pink, purple, or magenta, 9–11 mm; galea purple, magenta, or bicolored, 7–12 mm, beakless, margins entire medially, 1-toothed or entire distally, apex arching over abaxial lip; abaxial lip white or pink with purple spots, purple, or magenta, 4–8 mm. |
calyx 6–8 mm, glabrous, lobes 5, triangular, 0.5–1.4 mm, apex entire, ciliate; corolla 18–20 mm, tube white to pink, 12–15 mm; galea purple, 6–8 mm, beaked, beak straight, 1–3 mm, margins entire medially and distally, apex extending beyond abaxial lip; abaxial lip pink or purple, 4–5 mm. |
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Pedicularis sudetica |
Pedicularis chamissonis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Arctic meadows, tundras. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 10–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; CO; NM; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; YT; Eurasia
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AK; e Asia |
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Discussion | Subspecies 6 (5 in the flora). Pedicularis sudetica is a difficult complex. Hultén employed the degree of lobing on subtending floral bracts, length of corolla tubes, and inflorescence vestiture in recognizing eight infraspecific taxa. U. Molau and D. F. Murray (1996) emphasized presence or absence of spots on the abaxial lip, inflorescence vestiture, length of petioles and calyx, and ecological features to define four species, subsuming several of Hultén’s other subspecific taxa into these species. According to Molau and Murray, P. sudetica in the narrow sense is a morphologically distinct, disjunct taxon endemic to the Sudeten Mountains of central Europe, but part of the broader circumscription by Hultén (1961, 1964), which is treated here as the sixth subspecies. U. Molau and D. F. Murray (1996) did not include subsp. scopulorum in their analysis, noting only that teeth are virtually absent on the galea of Pedicularis scopulorum. Presence or absence of apical teeth on the margins of the galea often distinguishes species in other Pedicularis taxa. Because teeth are sometimes present in this taxon, it is treated here as one of the five North American subspecies in the broad sense of P. sudetica. A recent molecular study confirms its close relationship to other members of the complex (B. W. Robart et al. 2015). When comparing the two alternative taxonomies, the treatment by U. Molau and D. F. Murray (1996) is easier to apply. Close inspection of specimens identified as these species often reveals combinations of traits attributable to more than one taxon; Molau and Murray reported finding hybridization common between Pedicularis albolabiata and P. arctoeuropaea, and P. albolabiata and P. pacifica where habitats overlap, indicating that reproductive isolation is not complete. Recognition of these taxa as varieties may be more appropriate considering the broad geographic overlap where the few distinguishing features tend to intergrade. They are treated here, however, as subspecies. The following key is modified from Molau and Murray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pedicularis chamissonis differs from P. verticillata by having leaves and flowers about 1.5 times larger with a galea that is extended into a conical beak, leaves lanceolate versus elliptic, and lateral lobes of the abaxial lip more than twice the size and more pendulous. Pedicularis chamissonis is chiefly an Asian species, found on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin Island, and Japan; the only North American populations occur in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 532. | FNA vol. 17, p. 519. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Pedicularis | Orobanchaceae > Pedicularis | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 209. (1800) | Steven: Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 6: 20, plate 4, fig. 1. (1822) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |