Pedicularis lanceolata |
Pedicularis furbishiae |
|
---|---|---|
swamp lousewort |
Furbish lousewort, Furbish's lousewort |
|
Habit | Plants 20–100 cm. | Plants 40–90 cm. |
Leaves | basal 0; cauline 10–30, blade lanceolate, 20–100 x 10–30 mm, 1-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping, 2-serrate, surfaces hispid. |
basal 4, blade lanceolate to elliptic, 70–130 x 35–50 mm, 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, serrate, surfaces hispid; cauline 7, blade lanceolate to elliptic, 20–90 x 8–35 mm, 1- or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, serrate, surfaces hispid. |
Racemes | paniculate, 1, each 10–20-flowered; bracts lanceolate to trullate, 5–10 x 3–5 mm, undivided or 1-pinnatifid and 1- or 2-auricled, proximal margins entire, distal 1- or 2-serrate, surfaces glabrous or hispid. |
simple or paniculate, 1–4, exceeding basal leaves, each 3–30-flowered; bracts trullate, 8–13 x 7–10 mm, undivided or pinnatifid, margins serrate to 2-serrate, surfaces hispid. |
Pedicels | 1–1.5 mm. |
1–3 mm. |
Flowers | calyx 7–12 mm, glabrous or hispid, lobes 2, trullate, ovate, elliptic, or triangular, 2.5–3.5 mm, apex serrate, glabrous, sometimes ciliate; corolla 16–22 mm, tube white, cream, or light yellow, 8–12 mm; galea white, cream, or light yellow, 8–12 mm, beaked, beak straight, 0.5–2.5 mm, margins entire medially and distally, apex extending over abaxial lip; abaxial lip white, cream, or light yellow, 7–10 mm. |
calyx 5–12 mm, hispid-glandular, lobes 5, narrowly triangular, 3–4.5 mm, apex entire or dentate, glabrous; corolla 14–19 mm, tube yellow, 8–10 mm; galea yellow, apically sometimes tinged red, 6–8.5 mm, beakless, margins entire medially, 1-toothed distally, apex arching slightly over abaxial lip; abaxial lip yellow with apex sometimes tinged red, 7–7.5 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
|
Pedicularis lanceolata |
Pedicularis furbishiae |
|
Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, fens, springs, moist prairies, swamps. | Riverbanks. |
Elevation | 10–1100 m. (0–3600 ft.) | 100–300 m. (300–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AR; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; VA; WI; WV; MB; ON
|
ME; NB |
Discussion | The long corolla tubes of Pedicularis lanceolata are uncharacteristically nectarless, and only late season pollen-foraging worker bumblebees pollinate this species (L. W. Macior 1969). The uniquely hinged abaxial lip covering the opening of the galea is an adaptation to allow only worker bumblebees access to the anthers, as they must learn to push it aside during foraging. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Discovered in 1880, and at one time believed extinct, Pedicularis furbishiae was rediscovered in 1974 during an environmental impact survey for a proposed dam on the St. John's River and thereafter was placed on the Federal Register under the Endangered Species Act (L. W. Macior 1981). Metapopulation dynamics suggest that an ecologically intact watershed is required for long-term persistence (E. S. Menges 1990). A recovery strategy has been adopted for this species in New Brunswick (Furbish's Lousewort Recovery Team 2006; Environment Canada 2010). Pedicularis furbishiae is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 525. | FNA vol. 17, p. 522. |
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Pedicularis | Orobanchaceae > Pedicularis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 18. (1803) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 375. (1882) |
Web links |