Pedicularis canadensis |
Pedicularis pulchella |
|
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beefsteak plant, Canadian lousewort, forest lousewort, pédiculaire du Canada, wood betony |
mountain lousewort, pretty dwarf lousewort |
|
Habit | Plants 4–50 cm. | Plants 6–12 cm. |
Leaves | basal 2–20, blade lanceolate, 15–100 x 3–40 mm, 1- or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, 1- or 2-serrate, surfaces glabrous or hispid; cauline 1–10, blade lanceolate, 10–70 x 5–20 mm, 1-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, 1- or 2-serrate, surfaces glabrous or hispid. |
basal 15–20, blade lanceolate to elliptic, 10–20 x 5–10 mm, 2- or 3-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes extensively overlapping, serrate, surfaces glabrous; cauline 4–10, blade elliptic, 10–25 x 3–7 mm, 2- or 3-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes extensively overlapping throughout, serrate, apex cuspidate, surfaces glabrous or tomentose. |
Racemes | simple, 1–5, exceeding basal leaves, each 10–40-flowered; bracts lanceolate, ovate, spatulate, or trullate, 5–40 x 1–10 mm, undivided proximally, undivided to 1-pinnatifid distally, proximal margins entire, distal 1- or 2-serrate, sometimes crenate, surfaces glabrous or hispid to tomentose. |
simple, 1–4, exceeding basal leaves, each 8–50-flowered; bracts lanceolate or elliptic to trullate, 4–25 x 3–6 mm, 2-pinnatifid, adjacent margins extensively overlapping, proximal margins entire, distal cuspidate, surfaces glabrous or tomentose. |
Pedicels | 1.5–2 mm. |
4–10 mm. |
Flowers | calyx 7–12 mm, glabrous, hispid, or tomentose, lobes 2, triangular, 0.5–2 mm, apex entire, glabrous or ciliate; corolla 18–25 mm, tube yellow, 8–15 mm; galea yellow, yellow with red veins, or red, sometimes purple, 10–14 mm, beakless, margins entire medially, 1-toothed distally, apex arching over abaxial lip; abaxial lip expanded, yellow or white, 6–7 mm. |
calyx 8–12 mm, tomentose, lobes 5, triangular, 1.5–3 mm, apex entire or pinnatifid to serrate, glabrous; corolla 17–27 mm, tube violet-red, 9–10 mm; galea violet-red, 7–15 mm, beakless, margins entire medially, 1-toothed distally, apex arching over abaxial lip; abaxial lip violet-red, 6–9 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
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Pedicularis canadensis |
Pedicularis pulchella |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Deciduous forests, forest edges, prairies, alpine wet meadows. | Gravel fields and slopes at or above tree lines. |
Elevation | 70–2500 m. (200–8200 ft.) | 2700–3000 m. (8900–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; ON; QC; Mexico
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MT; WA; WY |
Discussion | Pedicularis canadensis is chiefly of the Midwestern prairies; in eastern states and provinces, it grows in forest openings and along forest edges. It also inhabits alpine wet meadows at higher elevations along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. Corollas may be yellow, yellow with red veins, red (forma praeclara A. H. Moore), or bicolored with a yellow corolla tube, yellow abaxial lip, and red galea (forma bicolor Farwell). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pedicularis pulchella occurs in the Absaroka and Beartooth ranges of southwestern Montana and northwestern Wyoming, the Anaconda and Madison ranges of Montana, and one site in the Cascade Range of Washington. The overlapping adjacent lobes of its two-, or sometimes three-, pinnatifid leaves are a characteristic feature of P. pulchella. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 517. | FNA vol. 17, p. 530. |
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Pedicularis | Orobanchaceae > Pedicularis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. canadensis var. dobbsii, P. canadensis subsp. fluviatilis, P. canadensis var. fluviatilis | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Mant. Pl. 1: 86. (1767) | Pennell: Notul. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 95: 7, fig. [p. 9 (right)]. (1942) |
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