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Sonoran chinchweed, Sonoran cinchweed, Sonoran lemonweed, three-ray chinchweed

Habit Annuals, 1–20 cm (across or high); herbage not scented. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (1–)5–50(–120+)[200+] cm.
Stems

prostrate to ascending (often mat-forming, densely leafy distally), puberulent (in decurrent lines or throughout) or glabrate.

Leaves

(bluish green) linear to linear-oblanceolate or narrowly oblong, 10–30 × 1.5–4 mm, margins with 2–5 pairs of setae 1–2 mm, faces glabrous (abaxial densely dotted with scattered, circular oil-glands 0.05–0.2 mm).

mostly cauline, sometimes basal or basal and cauline; mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate) or mostly alternate; petiolate or sessile;

blades usually elliptic, filiform, lanceolate, linear, or ovate, often 1(–2)-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed (often proximally bristly-ciliate), faces glabrous or puberulent to tomentose (usually bearing oil-glands, embedded pellucid glands filled with strong-scented, essential oils).

Peduncles

1–5 mm.

Involucres

cylindric.

campanulate, cylindric, hemispheric, obconic, or turbinate.

Receptacles

flat or convex to hemispheric or conic, epaleate (receptacles sometimes pitted, pit margins sometimes fimbrillate to laciniate).

Ray florets

3(–4);

corollas 3–4 mm (scarcely surpassing phyllaries).

0 or 1–21+, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow to orange (sometimes with brown or mostly brown) or white to pink, magenta, or reddish purple.

Disc florets

(3–)7–14;

corollas 2.2–2.6 mm (2-lipped).

1–120+, usually bisexual and fertile [functionally staminate];

corollas yellow to orange or brown, or pinkish to purplish or reddish, tubes much shorter than to much longer than cylindric to funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate to lance-linear (equal or unequal);

anther thecae pale or ± darkened;

stigmatic papillae in 2 lines.

Phyllaries

coherent (falling together), oblong to oblong-obovate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm (dotted with scattered, elliptic oil-glands 0.05–0.15 mm).

falling or persistent, 3–21+ in 1–2 series (distinct or ± connate, mostly linear to lanceolate, usually subequal, usually some or all bearing pellucid oil-glands as in leaves).

Calyculi

0 or of 1–22 bractlets.

Heads

borne singly or in congested, (leafy) cymiform arrays.

radiate or discoid (sometimes radiant, e.g., in Thymophylla), usually borne singly, sometimes in loose to crowded, corymbiform or cymiform arrays.

Cypselae

4–5.5 mm, puberulent (distally glandular-puberulent);

pappi of 2 (ray) and 5 (disc) lanceolate scales 1.5–3.5 mm.

mostly clavate to obpyramidal (lengths usually 2–3+ times diams.), glabrous or hairy;

pappi usually persistent, of 20–50 bristles in 1–2+ series, or of 5–20 (sometimes aristate) scales in 1–2 series, or combinations of bristles and scales in 1–2+ series, rarely coroniform or 0.

2n

= 48.

Pectis cylindrica

Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae subtribe Pectidinae

Phenology Flowering Jul–Nov.
Habitat Deserts, oak-juniper woodlands, grasslands, wash channels, mud flats, lawns, roadsides
Elevation 700–1500 m (2300–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Mostly subtropical; tropical; and warm-temperate; especially arid New World
Discussion

Pectis cylindrica (2n = 48) is similar to P. prostrata (2n = 24); the two occasionally grow together (D. J. Keil 1975b). Some herbaria contain mixed collections of the two. No evidence is available of hybrids between the two.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 22, species 225 (9 genera, 38 species in the flora).

Circumscription of Pectidinae has been fairly constant for decades. The group is sometimes given tribal rank, as Tageteae. Here, we have followed H. Robinson (1981). The group is usually distinguished on the basis of schizogenous glands containing essential oils (mostly terpenes) in tissues of leaves and/or phyllaries (sometimes in tissues of other organs as well).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves opposite (blade margins proximally bristly-ciliate; ray florets borne on bases ofsubtending phyllaries; style branches of bisexual florets knoblike)
Pectis
1. Leaves opposite or mostly alternate (blades often lobed, margins sometimes bristly-ciliate; ray florets borne on receptacles, not on bases of subtending phyllaries; style branches of bisexual florets linear)
→ 2
2. Phyllaries distinct to bases or nearly so
→ 3
2. Phyllaries ± connate 1/3–7/8+ their lengths (margins of outer may be free to bases)
→ 6
3. Calyculi of (0–)1–9, deltate, lanceolate, or linear bractlets; pappi wholly or partly of scales (individual scales sometimes comprising 5–10, basally connate bristles)
→ 4
3. Calyculi 0; pappi wholly of distinct bristles
→ 5
4. Ray corollas yellow to orange
Dyssodia
4. Ray corollas whitish with pinkish or purplish stripes
Nicolletia
5. Heads radiate
Chrysactinia
5. Heads discoid
Porophyllum
6. Calyculi 0; pappi of 2–5(–10) elements in ± 1 series (usually 0–5+ oblong to lanceolate, erose-truncate to laciniate, plus 0–2+ longer, subulate or aristate, some or all sometimes connate)
Tagetes
6. Calyculi usually of (1–)5–8(–22) bractlets, rarely 0; pappi usually of 8–20 elements in 2 series, rarely coroniform
→ 7
7. Bractlets of calyculi subulate or pectinate
Dysodiopsis
7. Bractlets of calyculi (deltate to subulate) not pectinate
→ 8
8. Plants (20–)30–70+ cm; involucres (7–18 ×) 5–12 mm; phyllaries weakly connate 1/3–2/3 their lengths
Adenophyllum
8. Plants mostly (1–)5–30 cm; involucres (4–6 ×) 2–7 mm; phyllaries strongly connate 2/3–7/8 their lengths (margins of outer may be free to bases)
Thymophylla
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 225. FNA vol. 21, p. 221.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Pectidinae > Pectis Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae
Sibling taxa
P. angustifolia, P. filipes, P. glaucescens, P. humifusa, P. imberbis, P. linearifolia, P. linifolia, P. longipes, P. papposa, P. prostrata, P. rusbyi, P. ×floridana
Subordinate taxa
Adenophyllum, Chrysactinia, Dysodiopsis, Dyssodia, Nicolletia, Pectis, Porophyllum, Tagetes, Thymophylla
Synonyms P. prostrata var. cylindrica subtribe Tageteae
Name authority (Fernald) Rydberg: in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 198. (1916) Lessing: Linnaea 5: 134. (1830)
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