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water paspalum

pitchfork crowngrass, pitchfork paspalum

Habit Plants annual; aquatic, floating or rhizomatous. Plants perennial; rhizomatous.
Culms

4-55 cm, erect;

nodes pubescent.

60-140 cm, erect;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous or pubescent;

ligules 1-4 mm;

blades 10-40 cm long, 8-22 mm wide, flat, glabrous or sparsely pubescent.

pubescent;

ligules 2-4 mm;

blades to 37 cm long, 2.2-11 mm wide, flat.

Panicles

terminal, with (7)20-70 racemosely arranged branches;

branches 1.2-9.5 cm, diverging to spreading, occasionally arcuate, disarticulating at maturity;

branch axes 0.7-1.5 mm wide, broadly winged, glabrous, margins scabrous, extending beyond the distal spikelet.

terminal, with 2-5 racemosely arranged branches;

branches 3.7-13 cm, divergent to erect;

branch axes 0.2-0.8 mm wide, glabrous, margins scabrous, terminating in a spikelet.

Spikelets

1.1-1.9 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, solitary, appressed to the branch axes, elliptic, pubescent, white.

3.1-4 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, paired, not imbricate, appressed to the branch axes, elliptic to obovate, yellow-brown.

Lower glumes

absent;

upper glumes and lower lemmas veinless;

upper florets white.

present or absent;

upper glumes glabrous or sparsely pubescent basally, (6)7-veined, margins entire;

lower lemmas glabrous or sparsely pubescent basally, lacking ribs over the veins, 5-veined, margins entire;

upper florets white.

Caryopses

0.8-0.9 mm, translucent, white.

2.6-2.9 mm, purple.

2n

= 20.

= unknown.

Paspalum repens

Paspalum bifidum

Distribution
from USDA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MO; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Paspalum repens is a native species that grows along the edges of lakes, streams, and roadside ditches in the southeastern United States. Its range extends through tropical America to Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Paspalum bifidum is restricted to the southeastern United States. It grows at the edges of forests in longleaf pine-oak-grass ecosystems, usually in dry to mesic loamy sandy soils. It grows vigorously following fire.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 571. FNA vol. 25, p. 586.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Paspalum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Paspalum
Sibling taxa
P. acuminatum, P. almum, P. bifidum, P. blodgettii, P. boscianum, P. caespitosum, P. conjugatum, P. conspersum, P. convexum, P. coryphaeum, P. dilatatum, P. dissectum, P. distichum, P. fimbriatum, P. floridanum, P. hartwegianum, P. intermedium, P. laeve, P. langei, P. laxum, P. lividum, P. malacophyllum, P. minus, P. modestum, P. monostachyum, P. nicorae, P. notatum, P. paniculatum, P. pleostachyum, P. plicatulum, P. praecox, P. pubiflorum, P. quadrifarium, P. racemosum, P. scrobiculatum, P. setaceum, P. unispicatum, P. urvillei, P. vaginatum, P. virgatum, P. virletii, P. wrightii
P. acuminatum, P. almum, P. blodgettii, P. boscianum, P. caespitosum, P. conjugatum, P. conspersum, P. convexum, P. coryphaeum, P. dilatatum, P. dissectum, P. distichum, P. fimbriatum, P. floridanum, P. hartwegianum, P. intermedium, P. laeve, P. langei, P. laxum, P. lividum, P. malacophyllum, P. minus, P. modestum, P. monostachyum, P. nicorae, P. notatum, P. paniculatum, P. pleostachyum, P. plicatulum, P. praecox, P. pubiflorum, P. quadrifarium, P. racemosum, P. repens, P. scrobiculatum, P. setaceum, P. unispicatum, P. urvillei, P. vaginatum, P. virgatum, P. virletii, P. wrightii
Synonyms P. repens var. fluitans, P. fluitans
Name authority P.J. Bergius (Bertol.) Nash
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