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California whitlow wort, San Francisco nailwort, San Francisco whitlow wort

bristle nailwort

Habit Plants perennial, mat-forming; caudex branched, woody. Plants annual, biennial, or perennial; taproot filiform to slender.
Stems

prostrate, usually much-branched throughout, 5–50 cm, pubescent.

erect to ascending, much-branched distally, 5–20 cm, finely pubescent to puberulent.

Leaves

stipules ovate-lanceolate, 3–6 mm, apex narrowly acute to long-acuminate, entire;

blade elliptic to oblanceolate, 5–10 × 1.5–2.5 mm, ± fleshy, apex spinulous, entire, ± moderately antrorsely appressed-pubescent.

stipules lanceolate, 3–8 mm, apex acuminate, entire;

blade linear, 5–20 × 0.3–1 mm, leathery, apex minutely cuspidate, glabrous.

Flowers

5-merous, short-cylindric, with enlarged hypanthium and calyx cylindric to slightly tapering distally, 1.9–2.4 mm, glabrous, sepals puberulent distally;

sepals greenish, becoming reddish brown, midrib and lateral pair of veins often apparent, oblong to ovate, 1.2–1.3 mm, herbaceous, margins translucent, ca. 0.1 mm wide, scarious, apex terminated by awn, hood broadly rounded, awn erect, 0.5–0.7 mm, conic in proximal 1/6 with whitish, smooth spine;

staminodes absent;

styles 2, 0.2–0.3 mm.

5-merous, ± short-campanulate, with enlarged hypanthium and calyx widening distally, 2.4–3.2 mm, moderately pubescent proximately with antrorsely appressed to spreading hairs;

sepals green to tan, midrib and lateral pair of veins absent to evident, oblong, 1.2–1.3 mm, leathery to rigid, margins whitish to translucent, 0.05–0.1 mm wide, scarious, apex terminated by awn, hood ± obscure, narrowly rounded, awn widely divergent, 0.6–1.3 mm, broadly conic in proximal 1/3 with white to yellowish, scabrous spine;

staminodes subulate, 0.6–0.7 mm;

style 1, cleft in distal 1/2, 0.4–0.6 mm.

Cymes

axillary, inconspicuous, 2–6-flowered, tightly congested.

terminal and lateral, 5–20+-flowered, dichasial and rather diffuse, forming clusters 3–15 mm wide.

Utricles

± globose to 4-angled, 1.2–1.3 mm, papillate distally.

ovoid-oblong, 1 mm, smooth, glabrous.

2n

= 64.

Paronychia franciscana

Paronychia setacea

Phenology Flowering spring. Flowering spring–fall.
Habitat Grassy hills Limestone barrens, gravelly or sandy slopes and grasslands
Elevation 20-300 m (100-1000 ft) 30-200 m (100-700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; South America (Chile) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Although Paronychia franciscana was described from California, where it has been known from the San Francisco area since 1887, the species is native in Chile.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

We could not distinguish Paronychia lundellorum from P. setacea based on features that Turner used for differentiation, nor did we discover any other discriminating characters. The former was described as perennial (versus annual for the latter) and as having “decided pedicellate” (versus sessile) and longer flowers. Recent data (W. Carr, pers. comm.) indicate that it does bloom in the first year. Furthermore, we have observed that the pedicel character is inconsistent and the flower lengths overlap extensively. Further study of the allopatric populations named P. lundellorum is warranted.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 38. FNA vol. 5, p. 42.
Parent taxa Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Paronychioideae > Paronychia Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Paronychioideae > Paronychia
Sibling taxa
P. ahartii, P. americana, P. argyrocoma, P. baldwinii, P. canadensis, P. chartacea, P. congesta, P. depressa, P. drummondii, P. echinulata, P. erecta, P. fastigiata, P. herniarioides, P. jamesii, P. jonesii, P. lindheimeri, P. maccartii, P. monticola, P. patula, P. pulvinata, P. rugelii, P. sessiliflora, P. setacea, P. virginica, P. wilkinsonii
P. ahartii, P. americana, P. argyrocoma, P. baldwinii, P. canadensis, P. chartacea, P. congesta, P. depressa, P. drummondii, P. echinulata, P. erecta, P. fastigiata, P. franciscana, P. herniarioides, P. jamesii, P. jonesii, P. lindheimeri, P. maccartii, P. monticola, P. patula, P. pulvinata, P. rugelii, P. sessiliflora, P. virginica, P. wilkinsonii
Synonyms P. lundellorum, P. setacea var. longibracteata
Name authority Eastwood: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 288. (1901) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 170. (1838)
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