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California whitlow wort, San Francisco nailwort, San Francisco whitlow wort

fork nailwort

Habit Plants perennial, mat-forming; caudex branched, woody. Plants annual; taproot filiform to slender.
Stems

prostrate, usually much-branched throughout, 5–50 cm, pubescent.

erect to ascending, much-branched, 15–33 cm, glabrous to minutely puberulent.

Leaves

stipules ovate-lanceolate, 3–6 mm, apex narrowly acute to long-acuminate, entire;

blade elliptic to oblanceolate, 5–10 × 1.5–2.5 mm, ± fleshy, apex spinulous, entire, ± moderately antrorsely appressed-pubescent.

stipules lanceolate to ovate, 2.5–5 mm, apex acuminate to long-acuminate, entire;

blade linear to filiform, 8–15 × 0.4–0.8 mm, leathery, apex acute to submucronate, glabrous.

Flowers

5-merous, short-cylindric, with enlarged hypanthium and calyx cylindric to slightly tapering distally, 1.9–2.4 mm, glabrous, sepals puberulent distally;

sepals greenish, becoming reddish brown, midrib and lateral pair of veins often apparent, oblong to ovate, 1.2–1.3 mm, herbaceous, margins translucent, ca. 0.1 mm wide, scarious, apex terminated by awn, hood broadly rounded, awn erect, 0.5–0.7 mm, conic in proximal 1/6 with whitish, smooth spine;

staminodes absent;

styles 2, 0.2–0.3 mm.

5-merous, short-campanulate, with enlarged hypanthium and calyx slightly constricted proximally, 1.6–2 mm, appressed-puberulent proximally;

sepals red-brown, midrib and lateral pair of veins absent to evident, oblong, 0.8–1.1 mm, leathery to rigid, margins whitish to translucent, 0.05–0.1 mm wide, scarious, apex terminated by awn, hood present, broadly rounded, awn divergently spreading, 0.4–0.6 mm, ± broadly conic in proximal 1/2 with pale-yellow, scabrous spine;

staminodes filiform, 0.5–0.7 mm;

style 1, cleft in distal 1/6, 0.6–0.7 mm.

Cymes

axillary, inconspicuous, 2–6-flowered, tightly congested.

terminal and axillary, 5–20+-flowered, dichotomous, repeatedly branching and diffusely spreading, open, clusters 0.5–1.5 mm wide.

Utricles

± globose to 4-angled, 1.2–1.3 mm, papillate distally.

ovoid-globose, 0.8–0.9 mm, smooth, glabrous.

Paronychia franciscana

Paronychia lindheimeri

Phenology Flowering spring. Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Grassy hills Rocky places on limestone hills and high prairies
Elevation 20-300 m (100-1000 ft) 100-600 m (300-2000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; South America (Chile) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Although Paronychia franciscana was described from California, where it has been known from the San Francisco area since 1887, the species is native in Chile.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 38. FNA vol. 5, p. 39.
Parent taxa Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Paronychioideae > Paronychia Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Paronychioideae > Paronychia
Sibling taxa
P. ahartii, P. americana, P. argyrocoma, P. baldwinii, P. canadensis, P. chartacea, P. congesta, P. depressa, P. drummondii, P. echinulata, P. erecta, P. fastigiata, P. herniarioides, P. jamesii, P. jonesii, P. lindheimeri, P. maccartii, P. monticola, P. patula, P. pulvinata, P. rugelii, P. sessiliflora, P. setacea, P. virginica, P. wilkinsonii
P. ahartii, P. americana, P. argyrocoma, P. baldwinii, P. canadensis, P. chartacea, P. congesta, P. depressa, P. drummondii, P. echinulata, P. erecta, P. fastigiata, P. franciscana, P. herniarioides, P. jamesii, P. jonesii, P. maccartii, P. monticola, P. patula, P. pulvinata, P. rugelii, P. sessiliflora, P. setacea, P. virginica, P. wilkinsonii
Synonyms P. chorizanthoides, P. lindheimeri var. longibracteata
Name authority Eastwood: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 288. (1901) Engelmann ex A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 152. (1850)
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