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squareflower

California whitlow wort, San Francisco nailwort, San Francisco whitlow wort

Habit Plants perennial (occasionally biennial), often matted; taproot stout. Plants perennial, mat-forming; caudex branched, woody.
Stems

prostrate to ascending, branched especially distally, retrorsely to spreading-pubescent throughout (when pubescent); flowering stems 8–48 cm;

sterile stems 2–10 cm.

prostrate, usually much-branched throughout, 5–50 cm, pubescent.

Leaves

stipules ovate-lanceolate, 2–12 mm, apex acuminate, entire;

blade linear to spatulate-oblanceolate, 4–40 × 1–4 mm, leathery, apex obtuse to acute, moderately antrorsely pubescent.

stipules ovate-lanceolate, 3–6 mm, apex narrowly acute to long-acuminate, entire;

blade elliptic to oblanceolate, 5–10 × 1.5–2.5 mm, ± fleshy, apex spinulous, entire, ± moderately antrorsely appressed-pubescent.

Flowers

5-merous, narrowly ellipsoid, with slightly enlarged hypanthium and calyx tapering distally, 2.3–3.5 mm, glabrous to slightly puberulent proximally with straight to hooked hairs;

sepals red-brown, white or whitish distally, veins absent, narrowly oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 1.4–2 mm, papery, margins white, ca. 0.1 mm wide, papery, apex rounded, hood formed from slight incurving, awn or mucro absent;

staminodes narrowly oblong, 0.4 mm;

style 1, cleft in distal 1/10, 1.3–1.7 mm.

5-merous, short-cylindric, with enlarged hypanthium and calyx cylindric to slightly tapering distally, 1.9–2.4 mm, glabrous, sepals puberulent distally;

sepals greenish, becoming reddish brown, midrib and lateral pair of veins often apparent, oblong to ovate, 1.2–1.3 mm, herbaceous, margins translucent, ca. 0.1 mm wide, scarious, apex terminated by awn, hood broadly rounded, awn erect, 0.5–0.7 mm, conic in proximal 1/6 with whitish, smooth spine;

staminodes absent;

styles 2, 0.2–0.3 mm.

Cymes

terminal, 15–200+-flowered, branched, densely to loosely grouped to form subcorymbose clusters 5–50 mm wide.

axillary, inconspicuous, 2–6-flowered, tightly congested.

Utricles

ovoid to ellipsoid, 1–1.2 mm, rugulose, glabrous.

± globose to 4-angled, 1.2–1.3 mm, papillate distally.

Paronychia erecta

Paronychia franciscana

Phenology Flowering spring–fall. Flowering spring.
Habitat Coastal dunes, sandflats, pine/oak woodlands Grassy hills
Elevation 0-100 m (0-300 ft) 20-300 m (100-1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; LA; MS
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; South America (Chile) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Plants with pubescent stems, strigose leaves, and pubescent receptacles have been recognized as var. corymbosa.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Although Paronychia franciscana was described from California, where it has been known from the San Francisco area since 1887, the species is native in Chile.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 37. FNA vol. 5, p. 38.
Parent taxa Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Paronychioideae > Paronychia Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Paronychioideae > Paronychia
Sibling taxa
P. ahartii, P. americana, P. argyrocoma, P. baldwinii, P. canadensis, P. chartacea, P. congesta, P. depressa, P. drummondii, P. echinulata, P. fastigiata, P. franciscana, P. herniarioides, P. jamesii, P. jonesii, P. lindheimeri, P. maccartii, P. monticola, P. patula, P. pulvinata, P. rugelii, P. sessiliflora, P. setacea, P. virginica, P. wilkinsonii
P. ahartii, P. americana, P. argyrocoma, P. baldwinii, P. canadensis, P. chartacea, P. congesta, P. depressa, P. drummondii, P. echinulata, P. erecta, P. fastigiata, P. herniarioides, P. jamesii, P. jonesii, P. lindheimeri, P. maccartii, P. monticola, P. patula, P. pulvinata, P. rugelii, P. sessiliflora, P. setacea, P. virginica, P. wilkinsonii
Synonyms Siphonychia erecta, Odontonychia corymbosa, Odontonychia erecta, P. erecta var. corymbosa
Name authority (Chapman) Shinners: Sida 1: 102. (1962) Eastwood: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 288. (1901)
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