Parnassia fimbriata |
Parnassia caroliniana |
|
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fringe grass-of-parnassus, Rocky Mountain parnassia |
Carolina grass of parnassus |
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Habit | Herbs with caudices. | Herbs with horizontal creeping rhizomes. |
Stems | 10–35 cm. |
20–60 cm. |
Leaves | basal in rosettes; petiole 2–16 cm; blade (of larger leaves) orbicular-reniform to reniform, 10–50 × 15–60 mm, base cordate, apex rounded; cauline usually on middle to distal 1/2 of stem. |
basal 1–2 per node on rhizomes; petiole 8–22 cm; blade (of larger leaves) ovate to suborbiculate, 20–75 × 15–70 mm, longer than to ca. as long as wide, base rounded to subcordate, apex obtuse; cauline on proximal 1/2 of stem or absent. |
Flowers | sepals reflexed in fruit, oblong-elliptic to ovate, 4–6 mm, margins hyaline, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, denticulate, erose, or short-fimbriate distally, apex rounded; petals 5–7-veined, oblanceolate to obovate, 8–14 × 4–8 mm, length 2 times sepals, base cuneate, margins fimbriate proximally; stamens 6–9 mm; anthers 1.5–2.5 mm; staminodes oblong-obovate, irregularly divided into 5–10+ oblong, obtuse lobes, usually glandular at apex but tip not differentiated into distinct gland, 3–5 mm, shorter than stamens; ovary green. |
sepals reflexed in fruit, oblong to oblong-elliptic, 3.5–5 mm, margins hyaline, 0.2 mm wide, entire, apex obtuse; petals 7–12-veined, broadly ovate, 14–20 × 9–12 mm, length 3–4 times sepals, base rounded, margins entire or undulate; stamens 7–11 mm; anthers 1.8–3 mm; staminodes 3-fid almost to base, gland-tipped, 9–14 mm, longer than stamens, apical glands lanceolate, 1–1.7 mm; ovary white. |
Capsules | 8–12 mm. |
10–15 mm. |
2n | = 36. |
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Parnassia fimbriata |
Parnassia caroliniana |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Stream banks, wet meadows, fens, seeps in forest glades, alpine ravines. | Wet pine savannas, seepage slopes, streamhead ecotones, all subject to recurring fires. |
Elevation | 10–3200 m. (0–10500 ft.) | 10–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; YT
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FL; NC; SC
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Discussion | Parnassia caroliniana is rare throughout its range; it is listed as endangered in Florida and North Carolina. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 115. | FNA vol. 12, p. 117. |
Parent taxa | Celastraceae > Parnassia | Celastraceae > Parnassia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | K. D. König: Ann. Bot. (König & Sims) 1: 391. (1804) | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 184. (1803) |
Web links |
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