Parnassia fimbriata |
Parnassia |
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fringe grass-of-parnassus, Rocky Mountain parnassia |
bog star, grass-of-parnassus, parnassie |
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Habit | Herbs with caudices. | Herbs, perennial with caudices or rarely rhizomes. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 10–35 cm. |
erect, unbranched scapelike. |
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Leaves | basal in rosettes; petiole 2–16 cm; blade (of larger leaves) orbicular-reniform to reniform, 10–50 × 15–60 mm, base cordate, apex rounded; cauline usually on middle to distal 1/2 of stem. |
basal in rosettes or 1–2 per node on rhizomes (P. caroliniana) and cauline (0–)1[–8], alternate; stipules absent; petiole present in basal leaves, usually absent in cauline leaf; blade margins entire; venation palmate. |
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Inflorescences | terminal, flowers solitary. |
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Flowers | sepals reflexed in fruit, oblong-elliptic to ovate, 4–6 mm, margins hyaline, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, denticulate, erose, or short-fimbriate distally, apex rounded; petals 5–7-veined, oblanceolate to obovate, 8–14 × 4–8 mm, length 2 times sepals, base cuneate, margins fimbriate proximally; stamens 6–9 mm; anthers 1.5–2.5 mm; staminodes oblong-obovate, irregularly divided into 5–10+ oblong, obtuse lobes, usually glandular at apex but tip not differentiated into distinct gland, 3–5 mm, shorter than stamens; ovary green. |
bisexual, radially symmetric or ± asymmetric; perianth and androecium hypogynous or perigynous; hypanthium absent or completely adnate to ovary; sepals 5, connate proximally; petals 5, white [yellowish] with distinct yellowish or greenish or gray-brown veins, 3–22 mm, usually longer than sepals; nectary absent; stamens 5; staminodes 5, opposite petals, usually deeply divided, sometimes undivided, gland-tipped or glandular at apex [without glands]; pistil [3–]4[–5]-carpellate; ovary superior to 1/2 inferior, 1-locular, placentation parietal; style absent or essentially so; stigmas [3–]4[–5]; ovules 100–2000+. |
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Fruits | capsules, 1-locular, [3–]4[–5]-valved, ellipsoid to globose, apex not beaked. |
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Capsules | 8–12 mm. |
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Seeds | 100–2000+ per fruit, oblong, winged; aril absent. |
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x | = 9. |
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2n | = 36. |
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Parnassia fimbriata |
Parnassia |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Stream banks, wet meadows, fens, seeps in forest glades, alpine ravines. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 10–3200 m. (0–10500 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; YT
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North America; Mexico; Europe; Asia; nw Africa |
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Discussion | Species ca. 70 (9 in the flora). The North American species of Parnassia usually occur in moist to wet sites on neutral to base-rich substrates, but P. asarifolia often occurs on acidic substrates. The treatment of Parnassia cirrata and P. fimbriata follows that proposed by R. B. Phillips (1980). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 115. | FNA vol. 12, p. 113. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Celastraceae > Parnassia | Celastraceae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | K. D. König: Ann. Bot. (König & Sims) 1: 391. (1804) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 273. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 133. (1754) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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