Parnassia caroliniana |
Parnassia grandifolia |
|
---|---|---|
Carolina grass of parnassus |
bigleaf grass of parnassus, largeleaf grass of parnassus |
|
Habit | Herbs with horizontal creeping rhizomes. | Herbs with caudices. |
Stems | 20–60 cm. |
12–70 cm. |
Leaves | basal 1–2 per node on rhizomes; petiole 8–22 cm; blade (of larger leaves) ovate to suborbiculate, 20–75 × 15–70 mm, longer than to ca. as long as wide, base rounded to subcordate, apex obtuse; cauline on proximal 1/2 of stem or absent. |
basal in rosettes; petiole 3–15 cm; blade (of larger leaves) oblong-ovate to suborbiculate, 25–80 × 20–70 mm, longer than to ca. as long as wide, base rounded to subcordate, apex obtuse; cauline on proximal half of stem or absent. |
Flowers | sepals reflexed in fruit, oblong to oblong-elliptic, 3.5–5 mm, margins hyaline, 0.2 mm wide, entire, apex obtuse; petals 7–12-veined, broadly ovate, 14–20 × 9–12 mm, length 3–4 times sepals, base rounded, margins entire or undulate; stamens 7–11 mm; anthers 1.8–3 mm; staminodes 3-fid almost to base, gland-tipped, 9–14 mm, longer than stamens, apical glands lanceolate, 1–1.7 mm; ovary white. |
sepals reflexed in fruit, oblong to ovate, 2.5–5 mm, margins hyaline, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, entire, apex obtuse; petals 7–11-veined, oblong to ovate, 15–22 × 6–10 mm, length 3–4 times sepals, base cuneate to rounded, margins entire or undulate; stamens 7–9 mm; anthers 2–3 mm; staminodes 3-fid almost to base, gland-tipped, 10–16 mm, longer than stamens, apical glands elliptic to subglobose, 0.4–0.6 mm; ovary green, sometimes whitish at base. |
Capsules | 10–15 mm. |
10–15 mm. |
2n | = 32. |
|
Parnassia caroliniana |
Parnassia grandifolia |
|
Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | Flowering mid summer–fall. |
Habitat | Wet pine savannas, seepage slopes, streamhead ecotones, all subject to recurring fires. | Wet, calcareous rocks, shores, meadows, fens. |
Elevation | 10–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 200–1400 m. (700–4600 ft.) |
Distribution |
FL; NC; SC
|
AL; AR; FL; GA; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
|
Discussion | Parnassia caroliniana is rare throughout its range; it is listed as endangered in Florida and North Carolina. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Parnassia grandifolia is uncommon throughout most of its range; it is listed as endangered in Florida and Kentucky, threatened in North Carolina, and of special concern in Tennessee. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 117. | FNA vol. 12, p. 116. |
Parent taxa | Celastraceae > Parnassia | Celastraceae > Parnassia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 184. (1803) | de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 320. (1824) |
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