Parnassia caroliniana |
Parnassia cirrata |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carolina grass of parnassus |
Cascade grass-of-parnassus, San Bernardino grass of parnassus |
|||||
Habit | Herbs with horizontal creeping rhizomes. | Herbs with caudices. | ||||
Stems | 20–60 cm. |
15–40 cm. |
||||
Leaves | basal 1–2 per node on rhizomes; petiole 8–22 cm; blade (of larger leaves) ovate to suborbiculate, 20–75 × 15–70 mm, longer than to ca. as long as wide, base rounded to subcordate, apex obtuse; cauline on proximal 1/2 of stem or absent. |
basal in rosettes; petiole 1–12 cm; blade (of larger leaves) ovate-orbiculate to elliptic-ovate, 15–60 × 7–50 mm, base cuneate, rounded, or weakly cordate, apex rounded; cauline usually on middle to distal 1/2 of stem, rarely absent. |
||||
Flowers | sepals reflexed in fruit, oblong to oblong-elliptic, 3.5–5 mm, margins hyaline, 0.2 mm wide, entire, apex obtuse; petals 7–12-veined, broadly ovate, 14–20 × 9–12 mm, length 3–4 times sepals, base rounded, margins entire or undulate; stamens 7–11 mm; anthers 1.8–3 mm; staminodes 3-fid almost to base, gland-tipped, 9–14 mm, longer than stamens, apical glands lanceolate, 1–1.7 mm; ovary white. |
sepals reflexed in fruit, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 4–7 mm, margins sometimes scarious, to 0.1 mm wide, usually entire, rarely minutely denticulate distally, apex rounded; petals 5–7-veined, oblanceolate to obovate or elliptic, 8–15 × 3.3–9.8 mm, length 2 times sepals, base cuneate, margins fimbriate proximally; stamens 6–9 mm; anthers 1.5–2.2 mm; staminodes scalelike proximally, distally divided into 5–15 gland-tipped filaments, 3.5–6 mm, shorter than stamens, apical glands globose, 0.2–0.4 mm; ovary green. |
||||
Capsules | 10–15 mm. |
10 mm. |
||||
Parnassia caroliniana |
Parnassia cirrata |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | |||||
Habitat | Wet pine savannas, seepage slopes, streamhead ecotones, all subject to recurring fires. | |||||
Elevation | 10–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
FL; NC; SC
|
CA; ID; NV; OR; WA; BC; nw Mexico
|
||||
Discussion | Parnassia caroliniana is rare throughout its range; it is listed as endangered in Florida and North Carolina. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 117. | FNA vol. 12, p. 115. | ||||
Parent taxa | Celastraceae > Parnassia | Celastraceae > Parnassia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 184. (1803) | Piper: Erythea 7: 128. (1899) | ||||
Web links |
|