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blue palo verde

Jerusalem thorn, Mexican palo verde

Habit Trees, 2.5–8(–12) m, with nodal spines. Trees, to 10 m, with nodal spines.
Stems

pale green, twigs moderately pubescent.

yellowish green, twigs glabrous or sparsely pubescent (at least around nodes).

Leaves

stipules not spinescent;

petiole 1.6–3.5 mm, pubescent;

pinnae 2;

petiolules 0.2 mm, densely pubescent;

rachillas 3–7 mm, not winged, with glandular patches on adaxial side, not surrounding leaflet pulvini;

leaflets (4 or)6(or 8), opposite, blades elliptic to obovate, 3–7 × 1.6–3 mm, base cuneate to rounded, apex truncate to rounded, not apiculate, surfaces sparsely pubescent abaxially, sparsely pubescent to glabrate adaxially.

appearing pinnate;

stipules obsolescent or spinescent, spines to 20 mm;

petiole obsolete;

pinnae 2(or 3);

petiolules 0.2–0.3 mm, sparsely pubescent;

rachillas (100–)150–600 mm, narrowly winged, with sparse, glandular patches in leaflet axils;

leaflets 40–76, alternate, subopposite, or opposite, blades oblanceolate to oblong, 2–8 × 0.9–3 mm, base attenuate, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces sparsely pubescent abaxially, glabrate adaxially.

Racemes

2–10-flowered, axis 1.1–3.5 cm, strigulose to glabrate;

bracts lanceolate, 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.3 mm;

bracteoles caducous.

2–15-flowered, axis 8–18 cm, strigulose to glabrate;

bracts linear or lanceolate, 2 × 0.3 mm;

bracteoles caducous or subpersistent.

Pedicels

10–14 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrate, joints 1–3 mm from flower, bearded, rarely glabrous, usually nearer flower than pedicel base, rarely nearer pedicel base than flower.

5.4–13.8 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, joints 1.5–3.5 mm from flower, not bearded, nearer flower than pedicel base.

Flowers

calyx lobes sparsely pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially;

corolla 8–16 mm diam., petals deep yellow, adaxial one sometimes orange-dotted basally;

ovary glabrate.

calyx lobes usually deciduous, sparsely pubescent abaxially, pubescent adaxially;

corolla 13–20 mm diam., petals light to deep yellow, adaxial one usually orange-dotted basally;

ovary sericeous.

Legumes

compressed, not constricted between seeds, 3.8–12 × 1–1.3 cm, glabrescent.

subterete, constricted between seeds, 2–12 × 0.5–0.8 cm, glabrous.

Seeds

1 or 2(–4).

(1 or)2–5.

2n

= 28.

= 28.

Parkinsonia florida

Parkinsonia aculeata

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jun (Aug–Nov). Flowering Mar–Sep.
Habitat Fine soils along washes and flood plains. Low, poorly drained areas, open woods, roadsides, disturbed places.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) 0–1300 m. (0–4300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; Mexico (Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AZ; CA; FL; GA; LA; MS; NM; NV; SC; TX; UT; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, Asia, Africa, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Hybrids between Parkinsonia florida and P. microphylla usually can be recognized by inter-mediacy (for example, leaflets too large for P. microphylla and too numerous for P. florida), as well as presence of characteristics from both parents (for example, nodal spines, petiolate leaves, glandular patches surrounding pulvini, pubescent ovaries; A. M. Carter 1974b).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The original distribution of Parkinsonia aculeata is unknown, possibly Central America and southern Mexico (R. S. Felger et al. 2001; G. P. Lewis et al. 2005; J. A. Hawkins et al. 2007). Parkinsonia aculeata is now extensively naturalized in the tropics and subtropics. Among native congenerics in the flora area, it shares adaxially pubescent calyx lobes only with P. microphylla and can be easily differentiated by the longer, winged rachillas, and 40–76, alternate or opposite leaflets per pinna versus (6–)12–16 and opposite per pinna in P. microphylla.

Hybrids between Parkinsonia aculeata and P. microphylla are known from the flora area. Individuals of P. aculeata × P. microphylla can be distinguished by the combination of rachillas of intermediate length (usually 2–6 times as long as in P. microphylla) and glandular patches completely or nearly completely surrounding the pulvini.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Parkinsonia Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Parkinsonia
Sibling taxa
P. aculeata, P. microphylla, P. texana
P. florida, P. microphylla, P. texana
Synonyms Cercidium floridum, C. torreyanum, P. torreyana P. thornberi
Name authority (Bentham ex A. Gray) S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 135. (1876) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 375. (1753)
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