Papaver somniferum |
Papaver radicatum |
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common garden poppy, common poppy, opium poppy, pavot (commun) |
arctic poppy, iceland poppy, Macoun's poppy, root poppy |
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Habit | Plants to 15 dm, glabrate, glaucous. | Plants loosely to densely cespitose, to 1.5 dm. | ||||||||||||
Stems | simple or branching. |
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Leaves | to 30 cm; blade sometimes sparsely setose abaxially on midrib; margins usually shallowly to deeply toothed. |
to 12 cm; petiole 2/3 length of leaf; blade green on both surfaces, not glaucous, lanceolate, 1-2x-lobed with 2-3(-4) pairs of primary lateral lobes; primary lobes broadly lanceolate or strap-shaped, apex obtuse to acute. |
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Inflorescences | peduncle often sparsely setose. |
scapes erect or bowed and decumbent, less than 15 cm, sparsely to densely hispid. |
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Flowers | petals white, pink, red, or purple, often with dark or pale basal spot, to 6 cm; anthers pale yellow; stigmas 5-18, disc ± flat. |
to 6.5 cm diam.; petals yellow or white, rarely pink tinged, or brick red; anthers yellow; stigmas 4-7, disc convex. |
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Capsules | stipitate, subglobose, not ribbed, to 9 cm, glaucous. |
obovoid to subglobose, 1-2.5 times longer than broad, strigose, trichomes light to dark brown or black. |
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Papaver somniferum |
Papaver radicatum |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Fields, clearings, stream banks, railroads, roadsides, and other disturbed sites | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 0-1300 m (0-4300 ft) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CT; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; TX; UT; VA; VT; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC; SK; Greenland; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America]
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AK; CO; ID; NM; UT; WY; AB; BC; NF; NT; QC; YT; Arctic and alpine North America; Europe; Asia
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Discussion | Unknown in the wild, Papaver somniferum probably came originally from southeastern Europe and/or southwestern Asia. It has been cultivated for centuries as the source of opium (and its modern derivatives heroin, morphine, and codeine), and also for edible seeds and oil. Various color forms with laciniate and/or doubled petals are grown for ornament. Widely introduced from cultivation and also as a crop weed, it should be expected elsewhere in the flora. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies numerous (4 in the flora). Many infraspecific taxa have been named from throughout the extensive range of this extremely variable species. Within North America, the following broadly circumscribed subspecies are generally, but not always, distinguishable. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Papaver | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Meconella | ||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 508. (1753) | Rottbfll: Skr. Kifbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 455. (1770) | ||||||||||||
Web links |
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