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common garden poppy, common poppy, opium poppy, pavot (commun)

arctic poppy, iceland poppy, Macoun's poppy, root poppy

Habit Plants to 15 dm, glabrate, glaucous. Plants loosely to densely cespitose, to 1.5 dm.
Stems

simple or branching.

Leaves

to 30 cm;

blade sometimes sparsely setose abaxially on midrib;

margins usually shallowly to deeply toothed.

to 12 cm;

petiole 2/3 length of leaf;

blade green on both surfaces, not glaucous, lanceolate, 1-2x-lobed with 2-3(-4) pairs of primary lateral lobes;

primary lobes broadly lanceolate or strap-shaped, apex obtuse to acute.

Inflorescences

peduncle often sparsely setose.

scapes erect or bowed and decumbent, less than 15 cm, sparsely to densely hispid.

Flowers

petals white, pink, red, or purple, often with dark or pale basal spot, to 6 cm;

anthers pale yellow;

stigmas 5-18, disc ± flat.

to 6.5 cm diam.;

petals yellow or white, rarely pink tinged, or brick red;

anthers yellow;

stigmas 4-7, disc convex.

Capsules

stipitate, subglobose, not ribbed, to 9 cm, glaucous.

obovoid to subglobose, 1-2.5 times longer than broad, strigose, trichomes light to dark brown or black.

Papaver somniferum

Papaver radicatum

Phenology Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Fields, clearings, stream banks, railroads, roadsides, and other disturbed sites
Elevation 0-1300 m (0-4300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CT; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; TX; UT; VA; VT; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC; SK; Greenland; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CO; ID; NM; UT; WY; AB; BC; NF; NT; QC; YT; Arctic and alpine North America; Europe; Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Unknown in the wild, Papaver somniferum probably came originally from southeastern Europe and/or southwestern Asia. It has been cultivated for centuries as the source of opium (and its modern derivatives heroin, morphine, and codeine), and also for edible seeds and oil. Various color forms with laciniate and/or doubled petals are grown for ornament. Widely introduced from cultivation and also as a crop weed, it should be expected elsewhere in the flora.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies numerous (4 in the flora).

Many infraspecific taxa have been named from throughout the extensive range of this extremely variable species. Within North America, the following broadly circumscribed subspecies are generally, but not always, distinguishable.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Scapes densely hispid with dark trichomes; capsules with dark brown trichomes.
subsp. polare
1. Scapes hispid with light-colored trichomes (sometimes dark brown in subsp. alaskanum); capsules with light to dark brown trichomes.
→ 2
2. Flowers 2 cm diam. or less; capsules ellipsoid-subglobose to oblong-obconic; Rocky Mountain system from Alaska and Yukon southward.
subsp. kluanense
2. Flowers mostly greater than 2 cm diam.; capsules broadly obovoid to ellipsoid; Aleutian Islands n, e across arctic Alaska and Canada to Greenland.
→ 3
3. Capsule trichomes generally with abruptly thickened bases; Aleutian Islands, islands of the Bering Strait and w coast of Alaska.
subsp. alaskanum
3. Capsule trichomes generally without thickened bases; w, n Alaska e to Canada and Greenland.
subsp. radicatum
Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Papaver Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Meconella
Sibling taxa
P. alboroseum, P. argemone, P. californicum, P. dubium, P. gorodkovii, P. hybridum, P. lapponicum, P. macounii, P. mcconnellii, P. nudicaule, P. orientale, P. pygmaeum, P. radicatum, P. rhoeas, P. walpolei
P. alboroseum, P. argemone, P. californicum, P. dubium, P. gorodkovii, P. hybridum, P. lapponicum, P. macounii, P. mcconnellii, P. nudicaule, P. orientale, P. pygmaeum, P. rhoeas, P. somniferum, P. walpolei
Subordinate taxa
P. radicatum subsp. alaskanum, P. radicatum subsp. kluanense, P. radicatum subsp. polare, P. radicatum subsp. radicatum
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 508. (1753) Rottbfll: Skr. Kifbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 455. (1770)
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