Papaver somniferum |
Papaver orientale |
|
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common garden poppy, common poppy, opium poppy, pavot (commun) |
oriental poppy |
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Habit | Plants to 15 dm, glabrate, glaucous. | Plants to 10 dm, hispid. |
Stems | simple or branching. |
simple or rarely branching. |
Leaves | to 30 cm; blade sometimes sparsely setose abaxially on midrib; margins usually shallowly to deeply toothed. |
to 35 cm. |
Inflorescences | peduncle often sparsely setose. |
peduncle moderately to densely appressed pale hispid; bracts sometimes 1-4 just beneath flower. |
Flowers | petals white, pink, red, or purple, often with dark or pale basal spot, to 6 cm; anthers pale yellow; stigmas 5-18, disc ± flat. |
petals light orange to orange-red, usually with pale basal spot, sometimes dark-spotted or unspotted, to 6 cm; anthers violet; stigmas (8-)11-15, disc flat or shallowly convex. |
Capsules | stipitate, subglobose, not ribbed, to 9 cm, glaucous. |
sessile, subglobose, obscurely ribbed, to 2.5 cm, glaucous. |
Papaver somniferum |
Papaver orientale |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Fields, clearings, stream banks, railroads, roadsides, and other disturbed sites | Fields, clearings, roadsides, and disturbed sites |
Elevation | 0-1300 m (0-4300 ft) | |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CT; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; TX; UT; VA; VT; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC; SK; Greenland; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America]
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CO; IA; MI; NJ; PA; UT; VA; WI; ON; sw Asia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Unknown in the wild, Papaver somniferum probably came originally from southeastern Europe and/or southwestern Asia. It has been cultivated for centuries as the source of opium (and its modern derivatives heroin, morphine, and codeine), and also for edible seeds and oil. Various color forms with laciniate and/or doubled petals are grown for ornament. Widely introduced from cultivation and also as a crop weed, it should be expected elsewhere in the flora. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
An alpine species in its native range, Papaver orientale is widely grown for ornament and sometimes persists after spreading from cultivation. It should be expected elsewhere in the flora. Papaver bracteatum Lindley, which some authors have included in P. orientale, is similar but more robust, with buds erect, sepals subtended by 3-5 sepaloid and 2 foliaceous bracts, flowers to 20 cm diam., deep red petals with dark basal spot, and capsules to 4 cm. It is widely cultivated and may occasionally escape but apparently does not become naturalized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3, p. 326. |
Parent taxa | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Papaver | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Macrantha |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. pseudoörientale | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 508. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 508. (1753) |
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