Papaver somniferum |
Papaver lapponicum |
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common garden poppy, common poppy, opium poppy, pavot (commun) |
Lapland poppy |
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Habit | Plants to 15 dm, glabrate, glaucous. | Plants loosely cespitose, to 3.5 (seldom less than 2) dm. |
Stems | simple or branching. |
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Leaves | to 30 cm; blade sometimes sparsely setose abaxially on midrib; margins usually shallowly to deeply toothed. |
to 12 cm; petiole 1/2-3/4 length of leaf; blade green to gray-green on both surfaces, lanceolate, 1-2x-lobed with 2-3 pairs of primary lateral lobes; surfaces hirsute, sometimes densely so, with long white trichomes; primary lobes lanceolate, mostly divided, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate, frequently bristle-tipped. |
Inflorescences | peduncle often sparsely setose. |
scapes erect, straight, generally longer than 20 cm, glabrate to hispid. |
Flowers | petals white, pink, red, or purple, often with dark or pale basal spot, to 6 cm; anthers pale yellow; stigmas 5-18, disc ± flat. |
to 3.5 cm diam.; petals yellow, sometimes distally tinged with pink; anthers yellow; stigmas 5-7, disc convex. |
Capsules | stipitate, subglobose, not ribbed, to 9 cm, glaucous. |
oblong-ellipsoid, to 2 cm, 1-2.5 times longer than broad, strigose with brown trichomes. |
2n | = 42 (as P. hultenii), 56. |
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Papaver somniferum |
Papaver lapponicum |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Fields, clearings, stream banks, railroads, roadsides, and other disturbed sites | Mesic tundra and in sand and gravel of floodplain terraces and shorelines |
Elevation | 0-1300 m (0-4300 ft) | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CT; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; TX; UT; VA; VT; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC; SK; Greenland; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America]
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AK; BC; NF; NT; QC; YT; Eurasia (northernmost Norway and Russia) |
Discussion | Unknown in the wild, Papaver somniferum probably came originally from southeastern Europe and/or southwestern Asia. It has been cultivated for centuries as the source of opium (and its modern derivatives heroin, morphine, and codeine), and also for edible seeds and oil. Various color forms with laciniate and/or doubled petals are grown for ornament. Widely introduced from cultivation and also as a crop weed, it should be expected elsewhere in the flora. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
We recognize Papaver lapponicum in a much narrower sense than did G. Knaben (1959). Much further study is needed to assess the relationships of North American populations with several taxa from the Russian Far East. Plants with rose-colored petals have been distinguished as A. lapponicum var. salmonicolor (P. alboroseum of some authors, not Hultén). Such specimens from arctic Alaska appear to be the same as P. shamurinii Petrovsky from Russia. Knowledge of P. lapponicum from Greenland, where evidently it also occurs, is inadequate to permit an accurate account of its distribution there. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Papaver | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Meconella |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. radicatum subsp. lapponicum, P. hultenii, P. hultenii var. salmonicolor | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 508. (1753) | (Tolmatchew) Nordhagen: Bergens Mus. Årbok 2: 45. (1931) |
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