Papaver somniferum |
Papaver dubium |
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common garden poppy, common poppy, opium poppy, pavot (commun) |
blind eyes, long-head poppy, long-pod poppy |
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Habit | Plants to 15 dm, glabrate, glaucous. | Plants to 7 dm, hirsute to hispid. |
Stems | simple or branching. |
simple or branching. |
Leaves | to 30 cm; blade sometimes sparsely setose abaxially on midrib; margins usually shallowly to deeply toothed. |
to 20 cm. |
Inflorescences | peduncle often sparsely setose. |
peduncle proximally spreading-hispid, distally appressed-hispid. |
Flowers | petals white, pink, red, or purple, often with dark or pale basal spot, to 6 cm; anthers pale yellow; stigmas 5-18, disc ± flat. |
petals orange to red, rarely with dark basal spot, to 3 cm; anthers violet; stigmas 7-9, disc ± flat. |
Capsules | stipitate, subglobose, not ribbed, to 9 cm, glaucous. |
sessile or substipitate, narrowly obovoid, usually distinctly ribbed, to 2 cm, 2 times or more longer than broad. |
Papaver somniferum |
Papaver dubium |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Fields, clearings, stream banks, railroads, roadsides, and other disturbed sites | Fields, glades, dunes, stream banks, marshy areas, railroads, roadsides, and other disturbed sites |
Elevation | 0-1300 m (0-4300 ft) | 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CT; IL; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; TX; UT; VA; VT; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC; SK; Greenland; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America]
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AR; CT; DC; DE; IL; KS; MA; MD; MO; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; VA; WV; NB; ON; QC; Greenland; Europe; sw Asia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Unknown in the wild, Papaver somniferum probably came originally from southeastern Europe and/or southwestern Asia. It has been cultivated for centuries as the source of opium (and its modern derivatives heroin, morphine, and codeine), and also for edible seeds and oil. Various color forms with laciniate and/or doubled petals are grown for ornament. Widely introduced from cultivation and also as a crop weed, it should be expected elsewhere in the flora. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In its native range, Papaver dubium is a tetraploid complex of five subspecies whose morphologies and distributions intersect to a considerable degree (J. W. Kadereit 1989, 1990). Probably several, if not all, of these entities have been introduced in North America, but it is fruitless to try to distinguish them here, where the species has arrived as a crop weed and the subspecies have no geographic integrity. Papaver dubium sometimes seems to intergrade with P. rhoeas, at least in North America. The most readily evident character for distinguishing them reliably is the nature of the distal pubescence on the peduncles–whether spreading or appressed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Papaver | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Rhoeadium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 508. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1196. (1753) |
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