Papaver rhoeas |
Papaver radicatum |
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amapola, common poppy, coquelicot, corn poppy, field poppy, flanders poppy |
arctic poppy, iceland poppy, Macoun's poppy, root poppy |
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Habit | Plants to 8 dm, hispid to setulose. | Plants loosely to densely cespitose, to 1.5 dm. | ||||||||||||
Stems | simple or usually branching. |
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Leaves | to 15 cm; distal often somewhat clustered. |
to 12 cm; petiole 2/3 length of leaf; blade green on both surfaces, not glaucous, lanceolate, 1-2x-lobed with 2-3(-4) pairs of primary lateral lobes; primary lobes broadly lanceolate or strap-shaped, apex obtuse to acute. |
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Inflorescences | peduncle sparsely to moderately spreading-hispid throughout. |
scapes erect or bowed and decumbent, less than 15 cm, sparsely to densely hispid. |
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Flowers | petals white, pink, orange, or red, often with dark basal spot, to 3.5 cm; anthers bluish; stigmas 5-18, disc ± flat. |
to 6.5 cm diam.; petals yellow or white, rarely pink tinged, or brick red; anthers yellow; stigmas 4-7, disc convex. |
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Capsules | sessile or substipitate, turbinate to subglobose, obscurely ribbed, to 2 cm, less than 2 times longer than broad. |
obovoid to subglobose, 1-2.5 times longer than broad, strigose, trichomes light to dark brown or black. |
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Papaver rhoeas |
Papaver radicatum |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Fields, pastures, stream banks, railroads, roadsides, and other disturbed sites | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; CA; CT; DC; IA; ID; IL; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WV; MB; NB; NS; ON; QC; SK; Europe; sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
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AK; CO; ID; NM; UT; WY; AB; BC; NF; NT; QC; YT; Arctic and alpine North America; Europe; Asia
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Discussion | J. W. Kadereit (1990) suggested that Papaver rhoeas originated on the east coast of the Mediterranean, probably derived from one or more of the other species of the section that are native in that region, and only after (and because) "suitable habitats in sufficient extent were provided by man." Various forms with pale pink or white, unspotted, sometimes doubled petals are grown for ornament, notably the Shirley poppies. In North America, the species escapes from cultivation fairly readily and has been introduced also as a crop weed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies numerous (4 in the flora). Many infraspecific taxa have been named from throughout the extensive range of this extremely variable species. Within North America, the following broadly circumscribed subspecies are generally, but not always, distinguishable. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Rhoeadium | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Meconella | ||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 507. (1753) | Rottbfll: Skr. Kifbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 455. (1770) | ||||||||||||
Web links |
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