Papaver radicatum |
Papaver |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
arctic poppy, iceland poppy, Macoun's poppy, root poppy |
pavot, poppy |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Plants loosely to densely cespitose, to 1.5 dm. | Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, scapose or caulescent, from taproots; sap white, orange, or red. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | when present leafy. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | to 12 cm; petiole 2/3 length of leaf; blade green on both surfaces, not glaucous, lanceolate, 1-2x-lobed with 2-3(-4) pairs of primary lateral lobes; primary lobes broadly lanceolate or strap-shaped, apex obtuse to acute. |
basal rosulate, petiolate; cauline alternate, proximal leaves petiolate, distal subsessile or sessile, sometimes clasping (in P. somniferum); blade unlobed or 1-3x pinnately lobed or parted; margins entire or toothed, scalloped, or incised. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inflorescences | scapes erect or bowed and decumbent, less than 15 cm, sparsely to densely hispid. |
cymiform, with flowers disposed in 1s, 2s or 3s on long scapes or peduncles; bracts present; buds nodding [erect]. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flowers | to 6.5 cm diam.; petals yellow or white, rarely pink tinged, or brick red; anthers yellow; stigmas 4-7, disc convex. |
sepals 2(-3), distinct; petals 4(-6); stamens many; pistil 3-18[-22]-carpellate; ovary 1-locular, sometimes incompletely multilocular by placental intrusion; style absent; stigmas 3-18[-22], radiating on sessile, ± lobed disc, velvety. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capsules | obovoid to subglobose, 1-2.5 times longer than broad, strigose, trichomes light to dark brown or black. |
erect, 3-18[-22]-pored or short-valved immediately beneath persistent or sometimes deciduous (in P. hybridum) stigmatic disc. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seeds | many, minutely pitted, aril absent. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
x | = 7. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Papaver radicatum |
Papaver |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; CO; ID; NM; UT; WY; AB; BC; NF; NT; QC; YT; Arctic and alpine North America; Europe; Asia
|
Temperate and arctic North America; Eurasia; n Africa; s Africa; Australia |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Subspecies numerous (4 in the flora). Many infraspecific taxa have been named from throughout the extensive range of this extremely variable species. Within North America, the following broadly circumscribed subspecies are generally, but not always, distinguishable. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 70-100 (16 in the flora). Papaver is rich in alkaloids, notably opiates. The genus is quite complex cytologically; in addition to diploids, there are numerous polyploid species and some that apparently are aneuploid. Most commonly, n = 7 or a multiple, and 2n ranges from 14 to over 100. There are published chromosome counts for almost every taxon in the flora, but for the introduced species none has been made from wild-collected North American material. The scapose poppies in the flora are native; the caulescent ones, except Papaver californicum, are introduced Eurasian ornamentals, crop weeds, and ballast waifs. All the scapose species are confined to arctic and alpine habitats. Plants of the introduced caulescent species, especially P. rhoeas, P. dubium, and P. somniferum, vary greatly in size, and surprisingly diminutive mature individuals are sometimes found, especially northward. Excluded species: Papaver dahlianum Nordhagen, Bergens Mus. Årbok 2: 46. 1931 Papaver radicatum Rottbfll subsp. dahlianum (Nordhagen) Rändel We regard this species as being restricted to arctic Europe, a narrower circumscription than U. Rändel's (1977). Papaver microcarpum de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 2: 71. 1821 We are so far unable to substantiate D. Löve's (1969) report of this essentially Asiatic species "from Seward and Kenai peninsulas in Alaska, the Aleutian Islands." (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Meconella | Papaveraceae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Rottbfll: Skr. Kifbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 455. (1770) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 506. 175: Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 224. (1754) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |
|