Papaver argemone |
Papaveraceae |
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long prickly-head poppy, pale rough fruit poppy, prickly pod poppy |
poppy family |
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Habit | Plants to 5 dm, hispid. | Herbs or subshrubs, shrubs, or small trees, annual, biennial, or perennial, scapose or caulescent, usually from taproots, sometimes from rhizomes; sap clear, white, or colored, often sticky. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | simple or branching. |
leafy or naked, erect, spreading, or decumbent, simple or branching. |
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Leaves | to 12[-20] cm. |
basal and/or cauline, alternate to opposite or whorled, simple, without stipules, petiolate or sessile; blade unlobed or with 1-3 odd-pinnate, subpalmate, or palmate orders of lobes. |
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Inflorescences | peduncle appressed-hispid. |
axillary or terminal, unifloral or else multifloral and cymiform, racemose, umbelliform, corybiform, or paniculate, pedunculate or subsessile; bracts usually present. |
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Flowers | petals dark red, sometimes with dark basal spot, to 25 mm; anthers pale blue; stigmas 4-6, disc convex and radially vaulted. |
radially symmetric, pedicellate or sessile; receptacle sometimes expanded and forming cup or ring beneath calyx (only in Eschscholzia, Meconella, and Platystemon); perianth and androecium sometimes perigynous; sepals caducous, 2 or 3, distinct or connate, usually obovate; petals distinct, usually obovate, mostly 2 times number of sepals, sometimes more or absent; stamens many or 4-15 (only in Meconella and Canbya); anthers 2-locular; pistil 1, 2-18[-22]-carpellate; ovary 1-2-locular or incompletely to completely multilocular by placental intrusion; placentas 2 or more, parietal; style 1 or absent; stigmas or stigma lobes 2-many. |
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Fruits | capsular, dehiscence valvate, poricidal, or transverse, or carpels dissociating and breaking transversely into 1-seeded segments (only in Platystemon). |
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Capsules | sessile, oblong to clavate, distinctly ribbed, to 2 cm, sparsely and weakly setose. |
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Seeds | usually many, small, sometimes arillate or carunculate. |
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Papaver argemone |
Papaveraceae |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Fields and disturbed sites | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
ID; OR; PA; UT; Europe; sw Asia [Introduced in North America]
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Worldwide; mainly Northern Hemisphere |
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Discussion | In its native range, Papaver argemone is a complex of five diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid subspecies (J. W. Kadereit 1986, 1990). Apparently two or more of these have been represented among the crop weeds and ballast waifs introduced in North America, where plants are difficult to assign to particular subspecies. The species should be expected elsewhere in the flora. Collections attributed to Maryland, Ohio, and Virginia are known also, but they lack more specific citations of locality. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 25-30 (17 genera, 63 species in the flora). According to W. R. Ernst (1962b), Papaveraceae "may be divided conveniently into four subfamilies." His scheme is followed here, but with the subfamilies taken up in alphabetic order; they seem to be natural groups, but their phylogenetic interrelationships are not yet clear. Similarly, the evolutionary relationships within the subfamilies remain ambiguous, and the genera in each are listed alphabetically. Subfamily Chelidonioideae Ernst includes genera 1-5; subf. Eschscholzioideae Ernst, genera 6-7; subf. Papavaroideae Ernst, genera 8-14; and subf. Platostamenoideae Ernst, genera 15-17. Hunnemannia fumariifolia Sweet, native to the highlands of Mexico, is occasionally found in California as a garden escape. A glabrous perennial with glaucous, blue-gray stem and leaves, and glossy, yellow petals, it bears an overall resemblance to Eschscholzia but has distinct sepals, no receptacular cup, and a peltate stigma. Below, it would key out as Arctomecon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3, p. 300. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Argemonidium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 506. (1753) | A. L. Jussieu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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