Papaver argemone |
Papaver |
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long prickly-head poppy, pale rough fruit poppy, prickly pod poppy |
pavot, poppy |
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Habit | Plants to 5 dm, hispid. | Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, scapose or caulescent, from taproots; sap white, orange, or red. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | simple or branching. |
when present leafy. |
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Leaves | to 12[-20] cm. |
basal rosulate, petiolate; cauline alternate, proximal leaves petiolate, distal subsessile or sessile, sometimes clasping (in P. somniferum); blade unlobed or 1-3x pinnately lobed or parted; margins entire or toothed, scalloped, or incised. |
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Inflorescences | peduncle appressed-hispid. |
cymiform, with flowers disposed in 1s, 2s or 3s on long scapes or peduncles; bracts present; buds nodding [erect]. |
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Flowers | petals dark red, sometimes with dark basal spot, to 25 mm; anthers pale blue; stigmas 4-6, disc convex and radially vaulted. |
sepals 2(-3), distinct; petals 4(-6); stamens many; pistil 3-18[-22]-carpellate; ovary 1-locular, sometimes incompletely multilocular by placental intrusion; style absent; stigmas 3-18[-22], radiating on sessile, ± lobed disc, velvety. |
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Capsules | sessile, oblong to clavate, distinctly ribbed, to 2 cm, sparsely and weakly setose. |
erect, 3-18[-22]-pored or short-valved immediately beneath persistent or sometimes deciduous (in P. hybridum) stigmatic disc. |
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Seeds | many, minutely pitted, aril absent. |
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x | = 7. |
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Papaver argemone |
Papaver |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Fields and disturbed sites | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
ID; OR; PA; UT; Europe; sw Asia [Introduced in North America]
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Temperate and arctic North America; Eurasia; n Africa; s Africa; Australia |
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Discussion | In its native range, Papaver argemone is a complex of five diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid subspecies (J. W. Kadereit 1986, 1990). Apparently two or more of these have been represented among the crop weeds and ballast waifs introduced in North America, where plants are difficult to assign to particular subspecies. The species should be expected elsewhere in the flora. Collections attributed to Maryland, Ohio, and Virginia are known also, but they lack more specific citations of locality. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 70-100 (16 in the flora). Papaver is rich in alkaloids, notably opiates. The genus is quite complex cytologically; in addition to diploids, there are numerous polyploid species and some that apparently are aneuploid. Most commonly, n = 7 or a multiple, and 2n ranges from 14 to over 100. There are published chromosome counts for almost every taxon in the flora, but for the introduced species none has been made from wild-collected North American material. The scapose poppies in the flora are native; the caulescent ones, except Papaver californicum, are introduced Eurasian ornamentals, crop weeds, and ballast waifs. All the scapose species are confined to arctic and alpine habitats. Plants of the introduced caulescent species, especially P. rhoeas, P. dubium, and P. somniferum, vary greatly in size, and surprisingly diminutive mature individuals are sometimes found, especially northward. Excluded species: Papaver dahlianum Nordhagen, Bergens Mus. Årbok 2: 46. 1931 Papaver radicatum Rottbfll subsp. dahlianum (Nordhagen) Rändel We regard this species as being restricted to arctic Europe, a narrower circumscription than U. Rändel's (1977). Papaver microcarpum de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 2: 71. 1821 We are so far unable to substantiate D. Löve's (1969) report of this essentially Asiatic species "from Seward and Kenai peninsulas in Alaska, the Aleutian Islands." (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Papaveraceae > Papaver > sect. Argemonidium | Papaveraceae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 506. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 506. 175: Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 224. (1754) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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