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warty panicgrass

spreading witchgrass, West Indian panicgrass

Habit Plants annual; weak, ascending or sprawling. Plants perennial; cespitose and shortly rhizomatous.
Culms

10-150 cm, slender, wiry, erect at first, ultimately decumbent, sprawling, glabrous, often with purple dots and streaks, branching extensively at the base, rooting at the lower nodes.

(6)25-100 cm, 0.5-3.5 mm thick, spreading to weakly ascending, usually freely branching;

nodes pilose, hairs spreading to ascending;

internodes pilose, with papillose-based hairs, or sparsely hispid.

Sheaths

often shorter than the internodes, loose, glabrous, margins short-ciliate;

ligules 0.2-0.5 mm, membranous, erose, ciliate;

blades 5-20 cm long, 3-10 mm wide, thin, flat, glabrous on both surfaces, margins scabridulous, apices long-acuminate.

rounded, glabrous, margins shortly ciliate distally;

ligules 0.6-4 mm, of hairs;

blades (3)6-15 cm long, 1-5 mm wide, spreading, abaxial surfaces sparsely hirsute, adaxial surfaces more densely so, hairs papillose-based, midribs prominent and not white, margins involute, bases cuneate, apices subulate.

Panicles

5-30 cm, nearly as wide as long;

branches few, capillary, with a few spikelets distally;

pedicels 0.5-10 mm.

Spikelets

1.7-2.2 mm long, about 1 mm wide, ellipsoid or obovoid, glabrous, faintly veined, subacute or obtuse at the apices.

2.1-2.9 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, glabrous.

Lower glumes

0.3-0.8 mm, reduced, acute;

upper glumes and lower lemmas subequal or the glumes shorter, distinctly verrucose, with hemispheric warts;

upper florets 1.6-2 mm long, about 1 mm wide, grayish-brown, dull, minutely papillose, acute.

1-1.2 mm, to 1/2 as long as the spikelets, attenuate, 5-9-veined, veins anastomosing apically;

upper glumes and lower lemmas similar, extending about 0.5 mm beyond the upper florets, 11-13-veined;

lower florets sterile;

lower paleas 1-1.3 mm;

upper florets 1.5-1.8 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, smooth.

Terminal

panicles 3-35 cm long, about 1/2 as wide, shortly exserted;

axillary panicles smaller, not fully exserted;

rachises scabridulous;

primary branches usually solitary, sometimes paired, divergent and widely spaced, secondary branching mostly on the distal 1/3 of the primary branches;

pedicels 1-4 mm, spreading to appressed, confined to the distal portions of the secondary branches.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Panicum verrucosum

Panicum diffusum

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
LA; TX; PR; Virgin Islands
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Panicum verrucosum grows primarily in open, moist or wet sandy areas bordering swamps, marshes, or lakes or on roadside ditches; it also grows occasionally in open, drier woodlands. It is restricted to the eastern United States and is mostly, but not exclusively, coastal.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Panicum diffusum grows along river banks, ditches, and disturbed areas in wet, loamy or clayey soils. Its range extends from Texas to the Caribbean and northern South America.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 487. FNA vol. 25, p. 466.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Panicum > subg. Phanopyrum > sect. Verrucosa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Panicum > subg. Panicum > sect. Panicum
Sibling taxa
P. amarum, P. anceps, P. antidotale, P. bergii, P. bisulcatum, P. brachyanthum, P. bulbosum, P. capillare, P. capillarioides, P. coloratum, P. dichotomiflorum, P. diffusum, P. flexile, P. ghiesbreghtii, P. gymnocarpon, P. hallii, P. hemitomon, P. hirsutum, P. hirticaule, P. lacustre, P. miliaceum, P. mohavense, P. obtusum, P. paludosum, P. philadelphicum, P. plenum, P. psilopodium, P. repens, P. rigidulum, P. tenerum, P. trichoides, P. urvilleanum, P. virgatum
P. amarum, P. anceps, P. antidotale, P. bergii, P. bisulcatum, P. brachyanthum, P. bulbosum, P. capillare, P. capillarioides, P. coloratum, P. dichotomiflorum, P. flexile, P. ghiesbreghtii, P. gymnocarpon, P. hallii, P. hemitomon, P. hirsutum, P. hirticaule, P. lacustre, P. miliaceum, P. mohavense, P. obtusum, P. paludosum, P. philadelphicum, P. plenum, P. psilopodium, P. repens, P. rigidulum, P. tenerum, P. trichoides, P. urvilleanum, P. verrucosum, P. virgatum
Synonyms P. debile
Name authority Muhl. Sw.
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