Panicum verrucosum
Panicum bisulcatum
warty panicgrass
Japanese panicgrass
10-150 cm, slender, wiry, erect at first, ultimately decumbent, sprawling, glabrous, often with purple dots and streaks, branching extensively at the base, rooting at the lower nodes.
30-150 cm tall, 2-4 mm thick, erect or spreading from a geniculate, non-cormous base, not succulent, glabrous throughout.
often shorter than the internodes, loose, glabrous, margins short-ciliate;
ligules 0.2-0.5 mm, membranous, erose, ciliate;
blades 5-20 cm long, 3-10 mm wide, thin, flat, glabrous on both surfaces, margins scabridulous, apices long-acuminate.
shorter or longer than the internodes, rounded, often with minute purple streaks, glabrous, margins shortly ciliate;
ligules to 0.8 mm;
blades 5-28 cm long, 4-14 mm wide, linear, more than 10 times longer than wide, thin, flat, glabrous on both surfaces or sparingly pilose adaxially, bases scabridulous near the margins, prominently veined.
5-30 cm, nearly as wide as long;
branches few, capillary, with a few spikelets distally;
pedicels 0.5-10 mm.
12-30 cm long, 9-20 cm wide, usually 1-1.3 times longer than wide, diffuse;
primary branches 8-15 cm, alternate, divergent, slender, scabridulous, much branched, branches confined to the distal 2/3, secondary branches spreading, spikelets confined to the distal 1/2 of the branches;
pedicels 0.5-6 mm.
1.7-2.2 mm long, about 1 mm wide, ellipsoid or obovoid, glabrous, faintly veined, subacute or obtuse at the apices.
1.8-2.7 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, ellipsoid, dark green, often purple-tinged, usually glabrous, acute to acuminate.
0.3-0.8 mm, reduced, acute;
upper glumes and lower lemmas subequal or the glumes shorter, distinctly verrucose, with hemispheric warts;
upper florets 1.6-2 mm long, about 1 mm wide, grayish-brown, dull, minutely papillose, acute.
1/3 – 1/2 as long as the spikelets, glabrous, deltoid, acute;
upper glumes and lower lemmas subequal, equaling or exceeding the upper florets, smooth, faintly 5-veined, sparsely pilose with short hairs near the margins and apices, acute;
lower florets sterile;
lower paleas absent or much shorter than the lower lemmas;
upper florets 1.5-1.8 mm, ellipsoid, smooth, lustrous, grayish-brown at maturity, apices sparsely puberulent, obtuse to subacute.
= 36.
= 36.
Panicum verrucosum
Panicum bisulcatum
Panicum verrucosum grows primarily in open, moist or wet sandy areas bordering swamps, marshes, or lakes or on roadside ditches; it also grows occasionally in open, drier woodlands. It is restricted to the eastern United States and is mostly, but not exclusively, coastal.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Panicum bisulcatum is an Asian species that grows in wet, open areas. It has been introduced sporadically, but has rarely become established, on the coastal plain of Georgia and South Carolina. The records from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania are from 1865-1877.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Go Botany
IL Wildflowers
LA Plants
MD Biodiversity
MI Flora
MO Plants
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist
USDA Plants Database
