Flora of North America species comparison

5-200 cm tall, 0.4-3 mm thick, decumbent to erect, commonly geniculate to ascending, rooting at the lower nodes when in water, simple to divergently branched from the lower and middle nodes, usually succulent, slightly compressed, glabrous;

nodes usually swollen, sometimes constricted on robust plants, glabrous;

internodes glabrous, shiny, pale green to purplish.

50-200 cm, mostly erect and sterile, glabrous, often rooting from the lower nodes if submerged.

compressed, inflated, sparsely pubescent near the base, elsewhere mostly glabrous, sparsely pilose, or hispid, hairs sometimes papillose-based, margins or throat ciliate, with papillose-based hairs;

ligules 0.5-2 mm;

blades 10-65 cm long, 3-25 mm wide, glabrous or sparsely pilose, often scabrous near the margins, midribs stout, whitish.

usually glabrous, or pilose or hirsute at the lowermost sheath, especially distally;

ligules shorter than 1 mm;

blades 8-35 cm long, 5-15 mm wide, ascending or spreading, abaxial surfaces glabrous, adaxial surfaces usually scabridulous or pubescent, bases slightly narrowed, margins scabrous, apices long-tapering.

4-40 cm, diffuse, lax, with a few spikelets;

branches to 15 cm, alternate or opposite, occasionally verticillate, ascending to spreading, stiff, scabrous;

pedicels 1-6 mm, sharply 3-angled, scabrous, expanded to cuplike apices, appressed mostly to the abaxial side of the branches.

10-30 cm long, less than 1 cm wide;

branches mostly short, appressed-ascending, with fascicles of congested spikelets; ultimate branchlets 1-sided;

pedicels 0.2-1.8 mm.

1.8-3.8 mm long, 0.7-1.2 mm wide, ellipsoid to narrowly ovoid, light green to red-purple, glabrous, acute to acuminate.

2-2.8 mm, subsessile, lanceoloid, slightly laterally compressed, glabrous, acute.

0.6-1.2 mm, 1/4 - 1/3 as long as the spikelets, 0-3-veined, obtuse to acute;

upper glumes and lower lemmas similar, exceeding the upper florets by 0.3-0.6 mm, 7-9-veined;

lower paleas vestigial to almost as long as the lower lemmas;

lower florets sterile;

upper florets 1.4-2.5 mm long, 0.7-1.1 mm wide, narrowly ellipsoid, smooth, shiny, stramineous to nigrescent, with pale veins.

about 1/2 as long as the spikelets, slightly keeled along the midveins, 3-veined, acute;

upper glumes and lower lemmas similar, glumes slightly shorter than the lemmas, faintly keeled on the back, acute;

lower florets staminate;

lower paleas subequal to the lower lemmas;

upper florets 2-2.5 mm, 2/5 to almost as long as the spikelets, narrowly ellipsoid;

upper lemmas relatively thin, flexible, pale, acuminate, clasping the paleas only at the base.

= 36, 54.

= 36, 40.