Packera streptanthifolia |
Packera paupercula |
|
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cleft-leaf groundsel, Rocky Mountain butterweed, Rocky Mountain groundsel |
balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed |
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Habit | Perennials, 10–50+ cm; fibrous-rooted (caudices weak to stout, horizontal to suberect). | Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). |
Stems | 1 or 2–5, clustered, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely floccose-tomentose proximally and in leaf axils. |
1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally. |
Basal leaves | (and proximal cauline, relatively thick and turgid) petiolate; blades spatulate to oblanceolate, or ovate to orbiculate, 20–40+ × 10–30+ mm, bases tapering to abruptly contracted or subcordate, margins entire, crenate, dentate, or weakly lobulate (faces usually glabrous, sometimes hairy). |
petiolate; blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate. |
Cauline leaves | gradually to abruptly reduced (± petiolate or sessile; entire or subentire). |
gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike). |
Peduncles | bracteate, glabrous or sparsely tomentose. |
usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous. |
Ray florets | 8 or 13; corolla laminae 5–10 mm. |
0, 8, or 13; corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm. |
Disc florets | 35–60+; corolla tubes 2–4 mm, limbs 2.5–4 mm. |
50–65+; corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm. |
Phyllaries | (8–)13 or 21, green (tips sometimes cyanic), 4–7+ mm, glabrous. |
13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous. |
Calyculi | conspicuous. |
inconspicuous. |
Heads | 2–20+ in loose, corymbiform or subumbelliform arrays. |
2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays. |
Cypselae | 1–2.5 mm, glabrous; pappi 3–6 mm. |
1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs; pappi 3.5–4.5 mm. |
2n | = 46, 92. |
= 44, 46, 92. |
Packera streptanthifolia |
Packera paupercula |
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Phenology | Flowering late May–late Aug. | Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). |
Habitat | Forests, open meadows, valleys, dry to damp and loamy soils | Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops |
Elevation | 1000–3400 m (3300–11200 ft) | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; SK; YT
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AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | Packera streptanthifolia is widespread and variable throughout the Western Cordillera. It includes weakly defined phases that have been treated as distinct species or as varieties. Characteristics used to delimit those taxa often overlap and are difficult to score; some “phases” grade into each other. Northern populations are sometimes segregated as a distinct taxon (e.g., Senecio streptanthifolia var. borealis; J. F. Bain 1988). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 599. | FNA vol. 20, p. 595. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Senecio streptanthifolius, P. streptanthifolia var. borealis, Senecio adamsii, Senecio aureus var. borealis, Senecio cognatus, Senecio cymbalarioides, Senecio cymbalarioides var. borealis, Senecio cymbalarioides var. streptanthifolius, Senecio fulgens, Senecio jonesii, Senecio leonardii, Senecio longipetiolatus, Senecio oödes, Senecio platylobus, Senecio rydbergii, Senecio streptanthifolius var. borealis, Senecio streptanthifolius var. kluanei, Senecio streptanthifolius var. laetiflorus, Senecio streptanthifolius var. oödes, Senecio streptanthifolius var. rubricaulis, Senecio streptanthifolius var. wallowensis, Senecio subcuneatus, Senecio suksdorfii, Senecio wardii | Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi |
Name authority | (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Phytologia 49: 48. (1981) | (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) |
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