Packera paupercula |
Packera tridenticulata |
|
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balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed |
threetooth ragwort |
|
Habit | Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). | Perennials, 10–30+ cm; taprooted (caudices ascending to erect). |
Stems | 1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally. |
1 or multiple, clustered, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely floccose-tomentose, leaf axils sometimes tomentose. |
Basal leaves | petiolate; blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate. |
(and proximal cauline, relatively thick and turgid) petiolate; blades lanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate, 20–40+ × 5–15 mm, bases tapering, margins usually entire, sometimes sub-pinnatisect (apices subentire or dentate). |
Cauline leaves | gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike). |
gradually reduced (± petiolate or sessile). |
Peduncles | usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous. |
bracteate, glabrous or sparsely tomentose. |
Ray florets | 0, 8, or 13; corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm. |
8–10(–13); corolla laminae 5–8+ mm. |
Disc florets | 50–65+; corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm. |
45–60+; corolla tubes 3–3.5 mm, limbs 4–5 mm. |
Phyllaries | 13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous. |
13 or 21, green, 6–10 mm, sparsely tomentose proximally, glabrous distally. |
Calyculi | inconspicuous. |
inconspicuous. |
Heads | 2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays. |
4–15+ in corymbiform arrays. |
Cypselae | 1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs; pappi 3.5–4.5 mm. |
1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely hirtellous on ribs; pappi 5–6 mm. |
2n | = 44, 46, 92. |
= 46. |
Packera paupercula |
Packera tridenticulata |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). | Flowering late May–early Jul. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops | Open, dry areas, roadsides, gravelly or sandy slopes, short-grass prairies or sagebrush scrubs |
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) | 1000–2000 m (3300–6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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CO; KS; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WY
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Discussion | Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Packera tridenticulata is found throughout the central High Plains, in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, and in high valleys to the west of the Rocky Mountain front. It tends to grow in clumps; the multiple stems arise from well-developed taproots. It apparently hybridizes with P. neomexicana var. mutabilis where their ranges overlap. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 595. | FNA vol. 20, p. 601. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi | Senecio tridenticulatus, Senecio acutidens, Senecio compactus, Senecio densus, Senecio oblanceolatus |
Name authority | (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) | (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Phytologia 49: 48. (1981) |
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