Packera paupercula |
Packera malmstenii |
|
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balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed |
Podunk ragwort |
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Habit | Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). | Perennials, 8–15+ cm; rhizomatous (rhizomes relatively slender, branched). |
Stems | 1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally. |
1 or 3–5, loosely clustered, glabrous or bases and leaf axils tomentose. |
Basal leaves | petiolate; blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate. |
(and proximal cauline, relatively thick and turgid) petiolate (petioles sometimes winged); blades elliptic-ovate or suborbiculate to spatulate, 15–25 × 5–20 mm, bases tapering, margins entire or dentate (at apices). |
Cauline leaves | gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike). |
abruptly reduced (becoming sessile, bractlike). |
Peduncles | usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous. |
ebracteate, glabrous. |
Ray florets | 0, 8, or 13; corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm. |
(0) or 8–13; corolla laminae 7–9 mm. |
Disc florets | 50–65+; corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm. |
35–50+; corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2.5–3.5 mm. |
Phyllaries | 13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous. |
13, cyanic, 8–9 mm, glabrous or loosely tomentose proximally. |
Calyculi | inconspicuous. |
inconspicuous. |
Heads | 2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays. |
1–2(–4). |
Cypselae | 1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs; pappi 3.5–4.5 mm. |
1–2 mm, glabrous; pappi 3–4.5 mm. |
2n | = 44, 46, 92. |
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Packera paupercula |
Packera malmstenii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). | Flowering mid Jul–early Aug. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops | Steep talus of limestone-derived slopes at or above timberline |
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) | 2600–3600 m (8500–11800 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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ID; NV; UT |
Discussion | Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Packera malmstenii is poorly known; it has obvious affinities with P. werneriifolia in both morphology and habitat preference. Its herbage tends to be thick and turgid. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 595. | FNA vol. 20, p. 591. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi | Senecio malmstenii |
Name authority | (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) | (S. F. Blake ex Tidestrom) Kartesz: in J. T. Kartesz and C. A. Meacham, Synth. N. Amer. Fl., nomencl. innov. 21. (1999) |
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