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balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed

Podunk ragwort

Habit Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). Perennials, 8–15+ cm; rhizomatous (rhizomes relatively slender, branched).
Stems

1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally.

1 or 3–5, loosely clustered, glabrous or bases and leaf axils tomentose.

Basal leaves

petiolate;

blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate.

(and proximal cauline, relatively thick and turgid) petiolate (petioles sometimes winged);

blades elliptic-ovate or suborbiculate to spatulate, 15–25 × 5–20 mm, bases tapering, margins entire or dentate (at apices).

Cauline leaves

gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike).

abruptly reduced (becoming sessile, bractlike).

Peduncles

usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous.

ebracteate, glabrous.

Ray florets

0, 8, or 13;

corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm.

(0) or 8–13;

corolla laminae 7–9 mm.

Disc florets

50–65+;

corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm.

35–50+;

corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2.5–3.5 mm.

Phyllaries

13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous.

13, cyanic, 8–9 mm, glabrous or loosely tomentose proximally.

Calyculi

inconspicuous.

inconspicuous.

Heads

2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays.

1–2(–4).

Cypselae

1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs;

pappi 3.5–4.5 mm.

1–2 mm, glabrous;

pappi 3–4.5 mm.

2n

= 44, 46, 92.

Packera paupercula

Packera malmstenii

Phenology Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). Flowering mid Jul–early Aug.
Habitat Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops Steep talus of limestone-derived slopes at or above timberline
Elevation 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) 2600–3600 m (8500–11800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ID; NV; UT
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Packera malmstenii is poorly known; it has obvious affinities with P. werneriifolia in both morphology and habitat preference. Its herbage tends to be thick and turgid.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 595. FNA vol. 20, p. 591.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera
Sibling taxa
P. anonyma, P. antennariifolia, P. aurea, P. bernardina, P. bolanderi, P. breweri, P. cana, P. cardamine, P. castoreus, P. clevelandii, P. contermina, P. crocata, P. cymbalaria, P. cynthioides, P. debilis, P. dimorphophylla, P. eurycephala, P. fendleri, P. flettii, P. franciscana, P. ganderi, P. glabella, P. greenei, P. hartiana, P. hesperia, P. hyperborealis, P. indecora, P. ionophylla, P. layneae, P. macounii, P. malmstenii, P. millefolium, P. millelobata, P. multilobata, P. musiniensis, P. neomexicana, P. obovata, P. ogotorukensis, P. pauciflora, P. plattensis, P. porteri, P. pseudaurea, P. quercetorum, P. sanguisorboides, P. schweinitziana, P. spellenbergii, P. streptanthifolia, P. subnuda, P. tampicana, P. texensis, P. tomentosa, P. tridenticulata, P. werneriifolia
P. anonyma, P. antennariifolia, P. aurea, P. bernardina, P. bolanderi, P. breweri, P. cana, P. cardamine, P. castoreus, P. clevelandii, P. contermina, P. crocata, P. cymbalaria, P. cynthioides, P. debilis, P. dimorphophylla, P. eurycephala, P. fendleri, P. flettii, P. franciscana, P. ganderi, P. glabella, P. greenei, P. hartiana, P. hesperia, P. hyperborealis, P. indecora, P. ionophylla, P. layneae, P. macounii, P. millefolium, P. millelobata, P. multilobata, P. musiniensis, P. neomexicana, P. obovata, P. ogotorukensis, P. pauciflora, P. paupercula, P. plattensis, P. porteri, P. pseudaurea, P. quercetorum, P. sanguisorboides, P. schweinitziana, P. spellenbergii, P. streptanthifolia, P. subnuda, P. tampicana, P. texensis, P. tomentosa, P. tridenticulata, P. werneriifolia
Synonyms Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi Senecio malmstenii
Name authority (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) (S. F. Blake ex Tidestrom) Kartesz: in J. T. Kartesz and C. A. Meacham, Synth. N. Amer. Fl., nomencl. innov. 21. (1999)
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