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balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed

serpentine groundsel, Siskiyou butterweed, western ragwort

Habit Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). Perennials, 7–15+ cm; fibrous-rooted (caudices relatively slender).
Stems

1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally.

1, glabrous or sparsely tomentose.

Basal leaves

petiolate;

blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate.

(and proximal cauline) petiolate;

blades ovate, oblanceolate, or spatulate, 10–30 × 5–20 mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins entire, subentire, or dentate.

Cauline leaves

gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike).

abruptly reduced (sessile, clasping; bractlike, entire).

Peduncles

usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous.

bracteate (bractlets red-tinged), densely lanate-tomentose.

Ray florets

0, 8, or 13;

corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm.

(8–)13;

corolla laminae 6–10+ mm.

Disc florets

50–65+;

corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm.

35–50+;

corolla tubes 2.5–3.5 mm, limbs 3–4 mm.

Phyllaries

13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous.

(13–)21, green (tips red or dark red), densely tomentose proximally.

Calyculi

inconspicuous.

conspicuous (bractlets narrow, red-tinged).

Heads

2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays.

1–4+ in corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs;

pappi 3.5–4.5 mm.

1.5–2 mm, glabrous;

pappi 5–6 mm.

2n

= 44, 46, 92.

= 46.

Packera paupercula

Packera hesperia

Phenology Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). Flowering mid Apr–mid Jun.
Habitat Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops Serpentine derived soils, open woodland scrub
Elevation 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) 500–2500 m (1600–8200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Packera hesperia is known only from the Siskiyou Mountains.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 595. FNA vol. 20, p. 589.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera
Sibling taxa
P. anonyma, P. antennariifolia, P. aurea, P. bernardina, P. bolanderi, P. breweri, P. cana, P. cardamine, P. castoreus, P. clevelandii, P. contermina, P. crocata, P. cymbalaria, P. cynthioides, P. debilis, P. dimorphophylla, P. eurycephala, P. fendleri, P. flettii, P. franciscana, P. ganderi, P. glabella, P. greenei, P. hartiana, P. hesperia, P. hyperborealis, P. indecora, P. ionophylla, P. layneae, P. macounii, P. malmstenii, P. millefolium, P. millelobata, P. multilobata, P. musiniensis, P. neomexicana, P. obovata, P. ogotorukensis, P. pauciflora, P. plattensis, P. porteri, P. pseudaurea, P. quercetorum, P. sanguisorboides, P. schweinitziana, P. spellenbergii, P. streptanthifolia, P. subnuda, P. tampicana, P. texensis, P. tomentosa, P. tridenticulata, P. werneriifolia
P. anonyma, P. antennariifolia, P. aurea, P. bernardina, P. bolanderi, P. breweri, P. cana, P. cardamine, P. castoreus, P. clevelandii, P. contermina, P. crocata, P. cymbalaria, P. cynthioides, P. debilis, P. dimorphophylla, P. eurycephala, P. fendleri, P. flettii, P. franciscana, P. ganderi, P. glabella, P. greenei, P. hartiana, P. hyperborealis, P. indecora, P. ionophylla, P. layneae, P. macounii, P. malmstenii, P. millefolium, P. millelobata, P. multilobata, P. musiniensis, P. neomexicana, P. obovata, P. ogotorukensis, P. pauciflora, P. paupercula, P. plattensis, P. porteri, P. pseudaurea, P. quercetorum, P. sanguisorboides, P. schweinitziana, P. spellenbergii, P. streptanthifolia, P. subnuda, P. tampicana, P. texensis, P. tomentosa, P. tridenticulata, P. werneriifolia
Synonyms Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi Senecio hesperius, Senecio auleticus
Name authority (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Phytologia 49: 47. (1981)
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