The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed

Hart's ragwort

Habit Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). Perennials, 40–70 cm; fibrous-rooted, sometimes stoloniferous (caudices ascending).
Stems

1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally.

1 or 2–3, clustered, bases and leaf axils usually loosely floccose-tomentose, sometimes glabrate.

Basal leaves

petiolate;

blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate.

petiolate;

blades ovate to obovate or suborbiculate, 30–80 × 20–40+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse or contracted, margins serrate-dentate to weakly crenate (abaxial faces sometimes hairy).

Cauline leaves

gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike).

gradually reduced (petiolate, often sublyrate, sometimes weakly pinnatisect; mids and distals sessile, pinnatisect to subentire).

Peduncles

usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous.

bracteate, loosely tomentose or glabrescent.

Ray florets

0, 8, or 13;

corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm.

8 or 13;

corolla laminae 5–8 mm.

Disc florets

50–65+;

corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm.

50–65+;

corolla tubes 2–4 mm, limbs 2.5–3.5 mm.

Phyllaries

13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous.

(13–)21, green, 5–7 mm, glabrous or sparsely tomentose.

Calyculi

inconspicuous.

0.

Heads

2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays.

3–9+ in open, corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs;

pappi 3.5–4.5 mm.

1–2 mm, glabrous;

pappi 3.5–4.5 mm.

2n

= 44, 46, 92.

= 44.

Packera paupercula

Packera hartiana

Phenology Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). Flowering mid May–early Jul.
Habitat Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops Meadows or open areas, woodlands, along streams
Elevation 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) 1600–2600 m (5200–8500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Packera hartiana resembles both P. paupercula and P. plattensis; it is separated from both on the basis of geography and morphologic characters. New Mexico populations were formerly treated as P. quaerens; the morphologic characters used to separate the two entities vary and overlap.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 595. FNA vol. 20, p. 589.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera
Sibling taxa
P. anonyma, P. antennariifolia, P. aurea, P. bernardina, P. bolanderi, P. breweri, P. cana, P. cardamine, P. castoreus, P. clevelandii, P. contermina, P. crocata, P. cymbalaria, P. cynthioides, P. debilis, P. dimorphophylla, P. eurycephala, P. fendleri, P. flettii, P. franciscana, P. ganderi, P. glabella, P. greenei, P. hartiana, P. hesperia, P. hyperborealis, P. indecora, P. ionophylla, P. layneae, P. macounii, P. malmstenii, P. millefolium, P. millelobata, P. multilobata, P. musiniensis, P. neomexicana, P. obovata, P. ogotorukensis, P. pauciflora, P. plattensis, P. porteri, P. pseudaurea, P. quercetorum, P. sanguisorboides, P. schweinitziana, P. spellenbergii, P. streptanthifolia, P. subnuda, P. tampicana, P. texensis, P. tomentosa, P. tridenticulata, P. werneriifolia
P. anonyma, P. antennariifolia, P. aurea, P. bernardina, P. bolanderi, P. breweri, P. cana, P. cardamine, P. castoreus, P. clevelandii, P. contermina, P. crocata, P. cymbalaria, P. cynthioides, P. debilis, P. dimorphophylla, P. eurycephala, P. fendleri, P. flettii, P. franciscana, P. ganderi, P. glabella, P. greenei, P. hesperia, P. hyperborealis, P. indecora, P. ionophylla, P. layneae, P. macounii, P. malmstenii, P. millefolium, P. millelobata, P. multilobata, P. musiniensis, P. neomexicana, P. obovata, P. ogotorukensis, P. pauciflora, P. paupercula, P. plattensis, P. porteri, P. pseudaurea, P. quercetorum, P. sanguisorboides, P. schweinitziana, P. spellenbergii, P. streptanthifolia, P. subnuda, P. tampicana, P. texensis, P. tomentosa, P. tridenticulata, P. werneriifolia
Synonyms Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi Senecio hartianus, P. quaerens, S. prionophyllus, S. quaerens
Name authority (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) (A. Heller) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Phytologia 49: 47. (1981)
Web links