Packera paupercula |
Packera cymbalaria |
|
---|---|---|
balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed |
dwarf arctic groundsel, dwarf arctic ragwort, northern butterweed |
|
Habit | Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). | Perennials, 6–25+ cm; rhizomatous (mat forming, rhizomes horizontal to suberect, branched). |
Stems | 1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally. |
usually 1 (sometimes more, clustered), usually glabrous, sometimes bases and leaf axils tomentose. |
Basal leaves | petiolate; blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate. |
petiolate; blades ovate to obovate, lyrate, or reniform, 10–30+ × 10–25+ mm, bases cuneate (sometimes tapering to winged petioles) to subcordate or contracted, margins crenate, dentate, or weakly lobed. |
Cauline leaves | gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike). |
abruptly reduced (sessile, not clasping; lanceolate, entire or pinnately lobed to pinnatisect). |
Peduncles | usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous. |
0 or relatively reduced (then densely tomentose). |
Ray florets | 0, 8, or 13; corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm. |
0 or 11–13; corolla laminae (yellow, purple streaks in veins) 10–14+ mm. |
Disc florets | 50–65+; corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm. |
60–75+; corolla tubes 2–2.5 mm, limbs 4–5 mm. |
Phyllaries | 13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous. |
21, deep red or green (tips red), 6–8 mm, glabrous. |
Calyculi | inconspicuous. |
conspicuous (bractlets cyanic). |
Heads | 2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays. |
1–2. |
Cypselae | 1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs; pappi 3.5–4.5 mm. |
1.5–2 mm, glabrous; pappi 5–6 mm. |
2n | = 44, 46, 92. |
= 46, 92, 138. |
Packera paupercula |
Packera cymbalaria |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). | Flowering mid Jun–early Aug. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops | Exposed rocky slopes, tundra turf |
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) | 0–1900 m (0–6200 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
|
AK; AB; BC; NF; NT; QC; YT
|
Discussion | Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Packera cymbalaria occurs in three, disjunct regions: western Alaska eastward into western N.W.T. and south into northwestern British Columbia; Newfoundland and the Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec; and Siberia. Considerable morphologic overlap exists between western and eastern populations in North America; western populations have slightly different flavonoid chemistries and chromosome numbers. Western populations are either diploid or tetraploid; eastern populations are hexaploid. The correct name for this species may prove to be Packera heterophylla (Fischer) E. Wiebe, based on Cineraria heterophylla Fischer. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 595. | FNA vol. 20, p. 583. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi | Senecio cymbalaria, Cineraria lyrata, P. resedifolia, S. fernaldii, S. resedifolius |
Name authority | (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) | (Pursh) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 497. (1976) |
Web links |
|