Packera paupercula |
Packera crocata |
|
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balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed |
saffron ragwort |
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Habit | Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). | Perennials, 20–60+ cm; perennating bases horizontal to ascending (relatively long and stout). |
Stems | 1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally. |
usually 1, rarely 2–3, clustered, glabrous. |
Basal leaves | petiolate; blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate. |
(and proximal cauline) petiolate (petioles narrow); blades narrowly lanceolate or ovate to oblong-ovate, 20–60+ × 10–40+ mm, bases abruptly contracted to tapering, margins subentire to crenate-dentate. |
Cauline leaves | gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike). |
gradually reduced (sessile, weakly clasping; lanceolate to oblong or sublyrate, often pinnately lobed). |
Peduncles | usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous. |
ebracteate or bracteate (bractlets inconspicuous), glabrous. |
Ray florets | 0, 8, or 13; corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm. |
8 or 13; corolla laminae (deep yellow to orange-red) 6–8+ mm. |
Disc florets | 50–65+; corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm. |
60–80+; corolla tubes 4.5–5.5 mm, limbs 2.5–3.5 mm. |
Phyllaries | 13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous. |
13 or 21, light green (or tips cyanic), 4–8 mm, glabrous. |
Calyculi | inconspicuous. |
0 or inconspicuous. |
Heads | 2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays. |
7–15+ in open, corymbiform arrays. |
Cypselae | 1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs; pappi 3.5–4.5 mm. |
1–1.5 mm, glabrous; pappi 3–5 mm. |
2n | = 44, 46, 92. |
= 46. |
Packera paupercula |
Packera crocata |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). | Flowering early Jul–mid Aug. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops | Wet meadows, along trails, rocky outcrops |
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) | 1800–3500 m (5900–11500 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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CO; ID; NM; NV; UT; WY
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Discussion | Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Packera crocata is characterized by deep yellow to reddish orange corollas. Some collectors have noted that there may be evidence for hybridization between P. crocata and P. dimorphophylla; the relationship between the two species needs further study. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 595. | FNA vol. 20, p. 583. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi | Senecio crocatus, Senecio pyrrhochrous, Senecio tracyi |
Name authority | (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) | (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Phytologia 49: 46. (1981) |
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