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balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed

saffron ragwort

Habit Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). Perennials, 20–60+ cm; perennating bases horizontal to ascending (relatively long and stout).
Stems

1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally.

usually 1, rarely 2–3, clustered, glabrous.

Basal leaves

petiolate;

blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate.

(and proximal cauline) petiolate (petioles narrow);

blades narrowly lanceolate or ovate to oblong-ovate, 20–60+ × 10–40+ mm, bases abruptly contracted to tapering, margins subentire to crenate-dentate.

Cauline leaves

gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike).

gradually reduced (sessile, weakly clasping; lanceolate to oblong or sublyrate, often pinnately lobed).

Peduncles

usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous.

ebracteate or bracteate (bractlets inconspicuous), glabrous.

Ray florets

0, 8, or 13;

corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm.

8 or 13;

corolla laminae (deep yellow to orange-red) 6–8+ mm.

Disc florets

50–65+;

corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm.

60–80+;

corolla tubes 4.5–5.5 mm, limbs 2.5–3.5 mm.

Phyllaries

13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous.

13 or 21, light green (or tips cyanic), 4–8 mm, glabrous.

Calyculi

inconspicuous.

0 or inconspicuous.

Heads

2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays.

7–15+ in open, corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs;

pappi 3.5–4.5 mm.

1–1.5 mm, glabrous;

pappi 3–5 mm.

2n

= 44, 46, 92.

= 46.

Packera paupercula

Packera crocata

Phenology Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). Flowering early Jul–mid Aug.
Habitat Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops Wet meadows, along trails, rocky outcrops
Elevation 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) 1800–3500 m (5900–11500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CO; ID; NM; NV; UT; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Packera crocata is characterized by deep yellow to reddish orange corollas. Some collectors have noted that there may be evidence for hybridization between P. crocata and P. dimorphophylla; the relationship between the two species needs further study.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 595. FNA vol. 20, p. 583.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera
Sibling taxa
P. anonyma, P. antennariifolia, P. aurea, P. bernardina, P. bolanderi, P. breweri, P. cana, P. cardamine, P. castoreus, P. clevelandii, P. contermina, P. crocata, P. cymbalaria, P. cynthioides, P. debilis, P. dimorphophylla, P. eurycephala, P. fendleri, P. flettii, P. franciscana, P. ganderi, P. glabella, P. greenei, P. hartiana, P. hesperia, P. hyperborealis, P. indecora, P. ionophylla, P. layneae, P. macounii, P. malmstenii, P. millefolium, P. millelobata, P. multilobata, P. musiniensis, P. neomexicana, P. obovata, P. ogotorukensis, P. pauciflora, P. plattensis, P. porteri, P. pseudaurea, P. quercetorum, P. sanguisorboides, P. schweinitziana, P. spellenbergii, P. streptanthifolia, P. subnuda, P. tampicana, P. texensis, P. tomentosa, P. tridenticulata, P. werneriifolia
P. anonyma, P. antennariifolia, P. aurea, P. bernardina, P. bolanderi, P. breweri, P. cana, P. cardamine, P. castoreus, P. clevelandii, P. contermina, P. cymbalaria, P. cynthioides, P. debilis, P. dimorphophylla, P. eurycephala, P. fendleri, P. flettii, P. franciscana, P. ganderi, P. glabella, P. greenei, P. hartiana, P. hesperia, P. hyperborealis, P. indecora, P. ionophylla, P. layneae, P. macounii, P. malmstenii, P. millefolium, P. millelobata, P. multilobata, P. musiniensis, P. neomexicana, P. obovata, P. ogotorukensis, P. pauciflora, P. paupercula, P. plattensis, P. porteri, P. pseudaurea, P. quercetorum, P. sanguisorboides, P. schweinitziana, P. spellenbergii, P. streptanthifolia, P. subnuda, P. tampicana, P. texensis, P. tomentosa, P. tridenticulata, P. werneriifolia
Synonyms Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi Senecio crocatus, Senecio pyrrhochrous, Senecio tracyi
Name authority (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Phytologia 49: 46. (1981)
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