Packera paupercula |
Packera clevelandii |
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balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed |
Cleveland's ragwort |
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Habit | Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). | Perennials, 30–80+ cm; taprooted (caudices suberect to erect, stout). |
Stems | 1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally. |
usually 1 (sometimes more, clustered), glaucous. |
Basal leaves | petiolate; blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate. |
(and proximal cauline, relatively thick and turgid) petiolate; blades lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, 30–100+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, margins entire or subentire. |
Cauline leaves | gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike). |
gradually reduced (sessile and weakly clasping; lanceolate, entire). |
Peduncles | usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous. |
conspicuously bracteate, glaucous. |
Ray florets | 0, 8, or 13; corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm. |
8–10(–13); corolla laminae 5–7 mm. |
Disc florets | 50–65+; corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm. |
25–40+; corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 3–4 mm. |
Phyllaries | 13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous. |
(13) 21, green (tips often purple), glabrous. |
Calyculi | inconspicuous. |
conspicuous. |
Heads | 2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays. |
12–20+ in open, corymbiform arrays. |
Cypselae | 1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs; pappi 3.5–4.5 mm. |
1–1.5 mm, glabrous; pappi 5–6 mm. |
2n | = 44, 46, 92. |
= 46. |
Packera paupercula |
Packera clevelandii |
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Phenology | Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). | Flowering mid Jun–mid Jul. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops | Rocky, serpentine soils, open, dry, shrubby areas, dry streambeds |
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) | 300–700 m (1000–2300 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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CA
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Discussion | Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Packera clevelandii is known only from the North Coast Ranges and foothills of the Sierra Nevada on serpentine soils in chaparral communities. It is the only Packera with subsucculent, glaucous herbage. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 595. | FNA vol. 20, p. 582. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi | Senecio clevelandii, Senecio clevelandii var. heterophyllus |
Name authority | (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) | (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Phytologia 49: 46. (1981) |
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