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balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed

Cleveland's ragwort

Habit Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). Perennials, 30–80+ cm; taprooted (caudices suberect to erect, stout).
Stems

1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally.

usually 1 (sometimes more, clustered), glaucous.

Basal leaves

petiolate;

blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate.

(and proximal cauline, relatively thick and turgid) petiolate;

blades lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, 30–100+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, margins entire or subentire.

Cauline leaves

gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike).

gradually reduced (sessile and weakly clasping; lanceolate, entire).

Peduncles

usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous.

conspicuously bracteate, glaucous.

Ray florets

0, 8, or 13;

corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm.

8–10(–13);

corolla laminae 5–7 mm.

Disc florets

50–65+;

corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm.

25–40+;

corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 3–4 mm.

Phyllaries

13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous.

(13) 21, green (tips often purple), glabrous.

Calyculi

inconspicuous.

conspicuous.

Heads

2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays.

12–20+ in open, corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs;

pappi 3.5–4.5 mm.

1–1.5 mm, glabrous;

pappi 5–6 mm.

2n

= 44, 46, 92.

= 46.

Packera paupercula

Packera clevelandii

Phenology Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). Flowering mid Jun–mid Jul.
Habitat Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops Rocky, serpentine soils, open, dry, shrubby areas, dry streambeds
Elevation 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) 300–700 m (1000–2300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Packera clevelandii is known only from the North Coast Ranges and foothills of the Sierra Nevada on serpentine soils in chaparral communities. It is the only Packera with subsucculent, glaucous herbage.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 595. FNA vol. 20, p. 582.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera
Sibling taxa
P. anonyma, P. antennariifolia, P. aurea, P. bernardina, P. bolanderi, P. breweri, P. cana, P. cardamine, P. castoreus, P. clevelandii, P. contermina, P. crocata, P. cymbalaria, P. cynthioides, P. debilis, P. dimorphophylla, P. eurycephala, P. fendleri, P. flettii, P. franciscana, P. ganderi, P. glabella, P. greenei, P. hartiana, P. hesperia, P. hyperborealis, P. indecora, P. ionophylla, P. layneae, P. macounii, P. malmstenii, P. millefolium, P. millelobata, P. multilobata, P. musiniensis, P. neomexicana, P. obovata, P. ogotorukensis, P. pauciflora, P. plattensis, P. porteri, P. pseudaurea, P. quercetorum, P. sanguisorboides, P. schweinitziana, P. spellenbergii, P. streptanthifolia, P. subnuda, P. tampicana, P. texensis, P. tomentosa, P. tridenticulata, P. werneriifolia
P. anonyma, P. antennariifolia, P. aurea, P. bernardina, P. bolanderi, P. breweri, P. cana, P. cardamine, P. castoreus, P. contermina, P. crocata, P. cymbalaria, P. cynthioides, P. debilis, P. dimorphophylla, P. eurycephala, P. fendleri, P. flettii, P. franciscana, P. ganderi, P. glabella, P. greenei, P. hartiana, P. hesperia, P. hyperborealis, P. indecora, P. ionophylla, P. layneae, P. macounii, P. malmstenii, P. millefolium, P. millelobata, P. multilobata, P. musiniensis, P. neomexicana, P. obovata, P. ogotorukensis, P. pauciflora, P. paupercula, P. plattensis, P. porteri, P. pseudaurea, P. quercetorum, P. sanguisorboides, P. schweinitziana, P. spellenbergii, P. streptanthifolia, P. subnuda, P. tampicana, P. texensis, P. tomentosa, P. tridenticulata, P. werneriifolia
Synonyms Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi Senecio clevelandii, Senecio clevelandii var. heterophyllus
Name authority (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Phytologia 49: 46. (1981)
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