Packera paupercula |
Packera bolanderi |
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balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed |
Bolander's groundsel, Bolander's ragwort |
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Habit | Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). | Perennials, 20–50+ cm; fibrous-rooted (caudices creeping). | ||||
Stems | 1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally. |
1 or 2–3, loosely clustered, glabrous. |
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Basal leaves | petiolate; blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate. |
(and proximal cauline) petiolate; blades ± orbiculate to oblong, or lyrate (lateral lobes 1–3 pairs, sinuses usually rounded, midribs usually winged), 50–120+ × 30–70+ mm, bases cordate to subcordate, margins shallowly to deeply incised. |
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Cauline leaves | gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike). |
gradually reduced (petiolate or sessile and clasping; lanceolate, incised). |
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Peduncles | usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous. |
ebracteate or inconspicuously bracteate, glabrous. |
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Ray florets | 0, 8, or 13; corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm. |
8 or 13; corolla laminae 10–15+ mm. |
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Disc florets | 50–65+; corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm. |
30–45+; corolla tubes 3–4 mm, limbs 3.5–4.5 mm. |
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Phyllaries | 13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous. |
(8), 13, or 21, dark green, 5–8 mm, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally. |
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Calyculi | inconspicuous. |
conspicuous. |
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Heads | 2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays. |
8–15+ in corymbiform or subumbelliform arrays. |
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Cypselae | 1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs; pappi 3.5–4.5 mm. |
2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous; pappi 5–7 mm. |
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2n | = 44, 46, 92. |
= 46. |
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Packera paupercula |
Packera bolanderi |
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Phenology | Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). | |||||
Habitat | Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops | |||||
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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CA; OR; WA
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Discussion | Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). The two varieties of Packera bolanderi have been treated as species. The morphologic characteristics used to distinguish the varieties vary widely within some populations. Presence or absence of multicellular hairs has been used to separate the varieties; that trait is also variable. The morphologic distinction is weak; habitat and elevation records lend support for recognizing two varieties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 595. | FNA vol. 20, p. 579. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi | Senecio bolanderi | ||||
Name authority | (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) | (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Phytologia 49: 45. (1981) | ||||
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