Packera paupercula |
Packera bernardina |
|
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balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed |
San Bernardino ragwort |
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Habit | Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). | Perennials, 15–30+ cm; fibrous-rooted (caudices branched, erect to suberect). |
Stems | 1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally. |
1 (per rosette, rosettes clustered), lanate-tomentose to glabrescent. |
Basal leaves | petiolate; blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate. |
(and proximal cauline) petiolate; blades obovate to broadly spatulate, 5–20+ × 10–15 mm, bases tapering, margins subentire or dentate apically (faces lanate-tomentose to glabrescent). |
Cauline leaves | gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike). |
gradually reduced (sessile; spatulate to linear, densely tomentose). |
Peduncles | usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous. |
bracteate, densely lanate-tomentose. |
Ray florets | 0, 8, or 13; corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm. |
8 or 13; corolla laminae 8–10 mm. |
Disc florets | 50–65+; corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm. |
35–50+; corolla tubes 2–2.5 mm, limbs 2–2.5 mm. |
Phyllaries | 13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous. |
13 or 21, green, 6–8 mm, lanate-tomentose, glabrate distally. |
Calyculi | inconspicuous. |
0. |
Heads | 2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays. |
2–8+ in compact cymiform arrays. |
Cypselae | 1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs; pappi 3.5–4.5 mm. |
0.75–1 mm, glabrous or hispid on ribs; pappi 3–4 mm. |
2n | = 44, 46, 92. |
= 46. |
Packera paupercula |
Packera bernardina |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). | Flowering late May–late Jul. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops | Dry rocky slopes, duff of pine forests |
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) | 1700–2200 m (5600–7200 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
|
CA |
Discussion | Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Packera bernardina is known only from the San Bernardino Mountains and has been collected most frequently from Bear Valley. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 595. | FNA vol. 20, p. 579. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi | Senecio bernardinus, Senecio bernardinus var. sparsilobatus, Senecio ionophyllus var. bernardinus, Senecio ionophyllus var. sparsilobatus, Senecio sparsilobatus |
Name authority | (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) | (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Phytologia 49: 45. (1981) |
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