Packera paupercula |
Packera antennariifolia |
|
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balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed |
shale barren ragwort |
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Habit | Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect). | Perennials, 20–40+ cm; rhizomatous (rhizomes branched, horizontal to suberect). |
Stems | 1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally. |
1 (sometimes from rosettes, rosettes sometimes clustered), tomentose. |
Basal leaves | petiolate; blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate. |
petiolate; blades broadly lanceolate to elliptic or spatulate, 20–40+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, margins entire or subentire to dentate distally (faces tomentose). |
Cauline leaves | gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike). |
abruptly reduced (petiolate or sessile; narrowly lanceolate to sublyrate, sharply toothed to pinnatisect or entire). |
Peduncles | usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous. |
bracteate, densely lanate to sparsely tomentose. |
Ray florets | 0, 8, or 13; corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm. |
8–10(–13); corolla laminae 5–10 mm. |
Disc florets | 50–65+; corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm. |
25–35+; corolla tubes 3–4 mm, limbs 1.5–2 mm. |
Phyllaries | 13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous. |
13 or 21, green, 5–7 mm, densely tomentose (apices scarious). |
Calyculi | inconspicuous. |
inconspicuous. |
Heads | 2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays. |
6–12+ in corymbiform arrays (lateral cymiform arrays sometimes originating in leaf axils). |
Cypselae | 1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs; pappi 3.5–4.5 mm. |
1–1.5 mm, hirtellous on ribs; pappi 4–5 mm. |
2n | = 44, 46, 92. |
= 46. |
Packera paupercula |
Packera antennariifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north). | Flowering late Apr–late May. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops | Slopes on shale barrens |
Elevation | 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft) | 300–800 m (1000–2600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
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MD; PA; VA; WV |
Discussion | Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Packera antennariifolia is known only from shale barrens or shale-derived soils in central Appalachia. Plants growing on steep slopes have stouter, more horizontal caudices and more extensive fibrous roots than specimens from other locations. Specimens from shale-derived soils, not growing directly on shale barrens, have weakly lobulate leaves and noticeably less hairiness. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 595. | FNA vol. 20, p. 578. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera | Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi | Senecio antennariifolius |
Name authority | (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976) | (Britton) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Phytologia 49: 45. (1981) |
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