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cut-leaf butterweed, wide-head groundsel

balsam groundsel, Canadian butterweed

Habit Perennials, 20–50+ cm, taprooted (caudices branched, ascending to erect, woody). Perennials, 20–45+ cm; subrhizomatous (bases weakly branched, ascending to erect).
Stems

1 or, usually, multiple, clustered, densely tomentose to glabrescent.

1 or 2–4, loosely clustered, glabrous or sparsely tomentose proximally.

Basal leaves

(soon withering), petiolate;

blades lyrate (lateral lobes 2–6+ pairs), ovate, obovate, or spatulate, 70–100+ × 20–30+ mm, bases tapering, ultimate margins irregularly and coarsely serrate-dentate.

petiolate;

blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse, margins subentire to dentate or serrate.

Cauline leaves

gradually reduced (± petiolate, proximal and mid similar to basal, terminal lobes smaller than laterals; distal sessile, incised).

gradually reduced (proximals petiolate, sublyrate; mids sessile, not clasping, lanceolate, dissected, incised, or lacerate; distals sessile, bractlike).

Peduncles

bracteate, sparsely to densely lanate-tomentose.

usually bracteate, sometimes ebracteate, glabrous.

Ray florets

8 or 13;

corolla laminae 10–15 mm.

0, 8, or 13;

corolla laminae (pale yellow) 5–10+ mm.

Disc florets

35–50+;

corolla tubes 3.5–4.5 mm, limbs 2.5–3.5 mm.

50–65+;

corolla tubes 2–3 mm, limbs 2–3 mm.

Phyllaries

13 or 21, green (tips sometimes yellow), 8–10+ mm, densely tomentose proximally, glabrescent distally.

13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, glabrous.

Calyculi

inconspicuous (bractlets tomentose).

inconspicuous.

Heads

5–20+ in open or compact (rarely), cymiform arrays.

2–10+ in loose or compact, corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

1–1.5 mm, glabrous;

pappi 6–7 mm.

1–2 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes hispidulous on ribs;

pappi 3.5–4.5 mm.

2n

= 46.

= 44, 46, 92.

Packera eurycephala

Packera paupercula

Phenology Flowering May–late Jun (south), late Jun–early Aug (north).
Habitat Wet meadows, open woodlands, along streams, rocky outcrops
Elevation 0–3000 m (0–9800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AL; CO; DC; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Ecologically and morphologically, Packera paupercula is the most variable species of the genus in North America. Some “phases” have been treated as separate species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and races. Variation within P. paupercula hints at some interesting evolutionary relationships; characteristics used to separate taxa overlap. Much of the morphologic variation in this species may be due to hybridization and introgression. I do not recognize any of the infraspecific taxa that have been proposed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems (1–)2–6; leaf blades: margins usually serrate-dentate, sometimes deeply dissected, midribs winged
var. eurycephala
1. Stems 1; leaf blades finely dissected, lateral lobes also dissected, midribs not or weakly winged
var. lewisrosei
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 586. FNA vol. 20, p. 595.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera Asteraceae > tribe Senecioneae > Packera
Sibling taxa
P. anonyma, P. antennariifolia, P. aurea, P. bernardina, P. bolanderi, P. breweri, P. cana, P. cardamine, P. castoreus, P. clevelandii, P. contermina, P. crocata, P. cymbalaria, P. cynthioides, P. debilis, P. dimorphophylla, P. fendleri, P. flettii, P. franciscana, P. ganderi, P. glabella, P. greenei, P. hartiana, P. hesperia, P. hyperborealis, P. indecora, P. ionophylla, P. layneae, P. macounii, P. malmstenii, P. millefolium, P. millelobata, P. multilobata, P. musiniensis, P. neomexicana, P. obovata, P. ogotorukensis, P. pauciflora, P. paupercula, P. plattensis, P. porteri, P. pseudaurea, P. quercetorum, P. sanguisorboides, P. schweinitziana, P. spellenbergii, P. streptanthifolia, P. subnuda, P. tampicana, P. texensis, P. tomentosa, P. tridenticulata, P. werneriifolia
P. anonyma, P. antennariifolia, P. aurea, P. bernardina, P. bolanderi, P. breweri, P. cana, P. cardamine, P. castoreus, P. clevelandii, P. contermina, P. crocata, P. cymbalaria, P. cynthioides, P. debilis, P. dimorphophylla, P. eurycephala, P. fendleri, P. flettii, P. franciscana, P. ganderi, P. glabella, P. greenei, P. hartiana, P. hesperia, P. hyperborealis, P. indecora, P. ionophylla, P. layneae, P. macounii, P. malmstenii, P. millefolium, P. millelobata, P. multilobata, P. musiniensis, P. neomexicana, P. obovata, P. ogotorukensis, P. pauciflora, P. plattensis, P. porteri, P. pseudaurea, P. quercetorum, P. sanguisorboides, P. schweinitziana, P. spellenbergii, P. streptanthifolia, P. subnuda, P. tampicana, P. texensis, P. tomentosa, P. tridenticulata, P. werneriifolia
Subordinate taxa
P. eurycephala var. eurycephala, P. eurycephala var. lewisrosei
Synonyms Senecio eurycephalus Senecio pauperculus, Senecio balsamitae, Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius, Senecio balsamitae var. thomsoniensis, Senecio crawfordii, Senecio flavovirens, Senecio gaspensis, Senecio multnomensis, Senecio robbinsii var. subtomentosus, Senecio tweedyi
Name authority (Torrey & A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve: Phytologia 49: 46. (1981) (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve: Bot. Not. 128: 520. (1976)
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