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sorrel-tree, sourwood

sorrel tree, sourwood

Habit Shrubs or trees. Plants to ca. 25(–35) m, with sour-tasting sap.
Stems

erect;

twigs glabrous or puberulent.

terete.

Leaves

deciduous;

blade elliptic-oblong to elliptic, ovate, or obovate, ± chartaceous, margins irregularly compound-serrate or serrulate, especially distally, or entire (sometimes fringed with elongate hairs, especially when juvenile or on stump sprouts), plane, surfaces multicellular elongate-hairy (hairs stout) on midvein (rarely also secondary veins) abaxially, sometimes such hairs also on midvein and lamina adaxially, or such hairs absent, and ± sparsely unicellular-hairy on both surfaces of midvein or such hairs absent;

venation brochidodromous.

blades turning red in autumn, 5.5–23.5 × 2–8 cm, base cuneate to rounded, apex acute to acuminate.

Inflorescences

terminal panicles composed of arching-declinate racemes or secondary panicles, 15–50-flowered, (borne on shoots of current season).

Pedicels

bracteoles 2, medial or distal.

Flowers

sepals 5, connate slightly to 1/2 their lengths, lanceolate;

petals 5, connate ca. 3/4 their lengths, white, corolla urceolate to cylindric-urceolate, lobes much shorter than tube, (densely unicellular-hairy, hairs short to elongate, crisped to straight);

stamens 10, slightly exserted;

filaments straight, flat, hairy, without spurs;

anthers without awns, dehiscent by slitlike pores, with white line of disintegration tissue on each lobe abaxially;

pistil 5-carpellate;

ovary 5-locular;

stigma capitate-truncate.

calyx lobes 1–2 × 0.7–1.4 mm;

corolla 4–7 × 2.5–5.5 mm;

filaments 2–3.5 mm;

anthers with locules narrowed distally, tubulelike;

style strongly impressed into apex of ovary.

Fruits

capsular, ovoid, (with very slightly thickened sutures), dry.

Capsules

3.5–8.5 × 2–4 mm, unicellular-hairy;

placentae basal.

Seeds

25–100, narrowly oblong, (tailed);

testa cells elongate.

x

= 12.

2n

= 24.

Oxydendrum

Oxydendrum arboreum

Phenology Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat Usually well-drained, acid, broadleaved forests on slopes, bluffs, in ravines, or along streams, ecotone areas in pinelands, swamp margins
Elevation 0-1700 m (0-5600 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
e United States
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; IN; KY; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 1: e United States.

Oxydendrum had been considered to be isolated from other genera of tribe Andromedeae Klotzsch (P. F. Stevens 1971; C. E. Wood Jr. 1961). Recent phylogenetic analyses (K. A. Kron et al. 2002) support those earlier views, placing the genus as the sister group of the clade including such genera as Andromeda, Gaultheria, Lyonia, and Vaccinium. Oxydendrum is now, therefore, assigned to its own tribe, Oxydendreae H. T. Cox.

Species 1

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oxydendrum arboreum is often used as an ornamental; it sometimes persists after cultivation (or rarely escapes from cultivation) in regions north of its native range; specimen-based records from New Jersey and southern New York appear to represent such escapes from cultivation.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 496. Author: Walter S. Judd. FNA vol. 8, p. 497.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae Ericaceae > subfam. Vaccinioideae > Oxydendrum
Subordinate taxa
O. arboreum
Synonyms Andromeda arborea
Name authority de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 7: 601. 1839 , (Linnaeus) de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 7: 601. (1839)
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