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creeping oxalis, creeping wood-sorrel, creeping yellow wood-sorrel, yellow oxalis, yellow wood sorrel

flowering yellow wood sorrel, slender eastern wood-sorrel

Habit Herbs annual, caulescent, rhizomes and stolons absent, bulbs absent. Herbs perennial, caulescent, rhizomes or stolons usually present, bulb absent.
Aerial stems

commonly 2–8 from base, prostrate or decumbent, stolonlike, rooting at nodes, 4–10(–30) cm, herbaceous, sparsely and loosely strigose to strigose-villous or villous, hairs nonseptate.

usually 1 from base, usually erect, rarely leaning and decumbent, not rooting at nodes, (5–)8–30(–35) cm, herbaceous, glabrous, glabrate, or sparsely to moderately strigose, sometimes sparsely villous proximally, hairs slightly curved, antrorse, nonseptate.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

stipules oblong, membranous, margins with wide, free flanges, apical auricles free;

petiole 1–5 cm;

leaflets 3, green or bronze-purple to maroon, obcordate, (4–)6–12 mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, margins often prominently villous-ciliate, surfaces glabrous, oxalate deposits absent.

basal and cauline;

stipules rudimentary;

petiole 2–5 cm, hairs nonseptate;

leaflets 3, green, obcordate, 4–11 mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, abaxial surface sparsely strigose, adaxial surface glabrous, oxalate deposits absent.

Inflorescences

irregular or umbelliform cymes, 1–3(–6)-flowered;

peduncles (1–)2–4(–8) cm.

umbelliform cymes, 1–2(–3)-flowered;

peduncles (2–)3–8 cm.

Flowers

mostly homostylous;

sepal apices without tubercles;

petals yellow, 4–8 mm.

tristylous, at or slightly above level of leaves;

sepal apices without tubercles, surfaces glabrous;

petals yellow, sometimes with faint red lines proximally, 4–8 mm.

Capsules

angular-cylindric, gradually or abruptly tapering to apex, 8–17(–20) mm, sparsely puberulent to glabrate or glabrous.

angular-cylindric, abruptly tapering to apex, 7–10 mm, glabrous or glabrate to sparsely puberulent, hairs short, sometimes only along angles.

Seeds

brown, transverse ridges brown.

brown, transverse ridges brown.

2n

= 24, 36, 42, 44, 48.

= 16.

Oxalis corniculata

Oxalis florida

Phenology Flowering Mar–Aug(–Oct), sporadically year-round. Flowering Mar–May(–Aug).
Habitat Disturbed areas, gardens, greenhouses, lawns, fields, roadsides, hammocks, beach margins, open pine woods, grasslands. Low woods, swamp forests, rich woods, pine woods, sandy sites, burned-over woods, ditches, roadside banks, flood plains, low fields, lake edges, stream banks, pastures, disturbed sites, bluffs, rocky slopes.
Elevation 10–500(–2500) m. (0–1600(–8200) ft.) 10–400 m. (0–1300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; ID; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; NE; NJ; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; SD; TX; VA; VT; WA; WV; BC; MB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe, Asia (China, India, Japan), Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CT; DC; FL; GA; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; PA; SC; TX; VA; VT; WV
Discussion

Oxalis corniculata in the flora area is recognized by a combination of its small flowers (petals yellow, 4–8 mm); sparsely hairy, herbaceous stems creeping and rooting at nodes; and stipules with free flanges and apical auricles. Peduncles and leaves (one to three) are produced at the nodes, short erect stems less commonly so. Specimens have been seen documenting its distribution in the United States as listed above; it may also occur in intervening areas.

The typical form of Oxalis corniculata is strictly annual with consistently herbaceous, prostrate stems. At least some populations in western Oregon are distinctly more erect, with decumbent-ascending stems, than those of the eastern United States. In contrast, stems of O. dillenii characteristically are initially erect but may become decumbent to prostrate, occasionally rooting at the nodes; they almost always become more or less woody. Stems arising from nodes of laterally oriented stems characteristically are erect. In most of the United States, O. corniculata usually occurs in urban and highly disturbed habitats, but along the Gulf Coast it occasionally grows in less obviously disturbed sites and might be native there. However, assignment of nativity awaits a clearer understanding of patterns of variation within what is recognized as a highly variable species.

Variants of Oxalis corniculata and closely similar forms occur in Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, and South America, as well as in other parts of the world, including the flora area. Plants with bronze-purple to maroon leaves and hairy capsules have been recognized as var. atropurpurea (for example, in Florida, D. B. Ward 2004; in California, L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris 1923–1960, vol. 3). Variety atropurpurea in Malaysia has features of a distinct species, differing from typical O. corniculata in karyotype as well as in floral and vegetative morphology and is isolated by post-pollination reproductive barriers (B. R. Nair and P. Kuriachan 2004). Australasian variants sometimes identified as O. corniculata recently have been treated at specific rank (for example, P. J. de Lange et al. 2005). In view of the significant variation in ploidy level reported for the species, formal recognition of these and probably still other segregates may be justified.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oxalis florida is recognized by its mostly erect stems, thin stems and peduncles (compared to other species), sparsely strigose cauline vestiture of relatively short, slightly curved hairs, rudimentary stipules, and relatively small flowers with petals that usually lack red lines proximally. It is a species primarily of the Atlantic states and Gulf coast, but it also occurs in Arkansas, Louisiana, southwestern Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas, apparently disjunct westward from its main range.

Intermediates between Oxalis florida and O. colorea apparently occur where their ranges come into contact. According to G. Eiten (1963), O. florida intergrades with O. dillenii in forming intermediate homogenous populations as well as hybrid swarms. Eiten treated O. florida as O. dillenii subsp. filipes, but D. B. Ward (2004) noted that the differences between O. florida and O. dillenii are appreciable and intermediates seem few. K. M. Wiegand (1925) observed that O. florida and O. filipes have the appearance of hybrids between O. stricta and either O. dillenii or O. corniculata but that their absence in much of the region where the possible parents both occur argues against this hypothesis.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 139. FNA vol. 12, p. 142.
Parent taxa Oxalidaceae > Oxalis Oxalidaceae > Oxalis
Sibling taxa
O. albicans, O. articulata, O. bowiei, O. brasiliensis, O. caerulea, O. californica, O. colorea, O. debilis, O. decaphylla, O. dichondrifolia, O. dillenii, O. drummondii, O. florida, O. frutescens, O. grandis, O. hirta, O. hispidula, O. illinoensis, O. incarnata, O. intermedia, O. latifolia, O. laxa, O. macrantha, O. metcalfei, O. montana, O. oregana, O. pes-caprae, O. pilosa, O. purpurea, O. stricta, O. suksdorfii, O. texana, O. triangularis, O. trilliifolia, O. violacea
O. albicans, O. articulata, O. bowiei, O. brasiliensis, O. caerulea, O. californica, O. colorea, O. corniculata, O. debilis, O. decaphylla, O. dichondrifolia, O. dillenii, O. drummondii, O. frutescens, O. grandis, O. hirta, O. hispidula, O. illinoensis, O. incarnata, O. intermedia, O. latifolia, O. laxa, O. macrantha, O. metcalfei, O. montana, O. oregana, O. pes-caprae, O. pilosa, O. purpurea, O. stricta, O. suksdorfii, O. texana, O. triangularis, O. trilliifolia, O. violacea
Synonyms O. corniculata var. atropurpurea, O. corniculata var. domingensis, O. corniculata var. langloisii, O. corniculata var. lupulina, O. corniculata var. macrophylla, O. corniculata var. repens, O. corniculata var. villosa, O. corniculata var. viscidula, O. langloisii, O. repens, Xanthoxalis corniculata, X. langloisii O. brittoniae, O. dillenii subsp. filipes, O. dillenii subsp. recurva, O. filipes, O. florida var. filipes, O. florida var. recurva, O. recurva, Xanthoxalis brittoniae, X. filipes, X. recurva
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 435. (1753) Salisbury: Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton, 322. (1796)
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