Flora of North America species comparison

leaves stiff, erect-appressed when dry, narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2–4.5 mm;

margins recurved to narrowly revolute to near apex, entire;

apex sharply to slenderly acute;

basal laminal cells elongate to rectangular, walls thick, ± nodose;

distal cells 6–13 µm, 1-stratose, papillae 1 or 2 per cell, conic and small, or 2-fid and low.

leaves loosely erect-appressed and slightly incurved when dry, oblong-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 1.6–3 mm;

margins recurved to near apex, entire or crenulate at apex;

apex narrowly obtuse, acute, or apiculate;

basal laminal cells rectangular, walls thin, not nodose;

distal cells 9–14 µm, 1-stratose, papillae 2 or rarely 3 per cell, conic, low.

to 1.8 mm.

0.5–1.5 mm.

gonioautoicous.

cladautoicous.

immersed, emergent, or slightly exserted, usually 1/3 emergent, globose ovate, ovate-oblong, or short-oblong, 1.3–1.8 mm, slightly or distinctly 8-ribbed 1/2–2/3 length;

stomata superficial;

peristome single, rarely double;

prostome large, conspicuous, or rudimentary;

exostome teeth 16, erect or sometimes spreading-recurved when old, smooth, scattered-papillose, or coarsely papillose-granulate;

endostome segments absent, or rarely 8, rudimentary, of 1 row of cells, smooth or roughened.

emergent to barely exserted, oblong to oblong-cylindric, 1–2.5 mm, strongly 8-ribbed, narrowly cylindric and contracted along entire length when old;

stomata immersed, to 1/2 covered by subsidiary cells, cells not projecting, inner walls not much thickened;

peristome double;

prostome absent;

exostome teeth 8, erect, reflexed or recurved-reflexed with age, finely papillose, densely papillose, or papillose-striate;

endostome segments 8 or 16, well developed, of 1 or 2 rows of cells, smooth or finely papillose.

oblong, smooth, hairy or rarely naked, hairs finely papillose.

conic-oblong, smooth, naked or sparsely hairy, hairs smooth.

13–21 µm.

10–20 µm.

asexual reproduction absent.

asexual reproduction occasional, by gemmae on leaves.