1. Leaf apices gradually acute, awns present. | O. diaphanum |
1. Leaf apices obtuse, acute, acuminate, or cuspidate, awns absent | → 2 |
2. Leaf margins erect-incurved or involute; leaves ovate, ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate; apices obtuse or rounded; gemmae present; sexual condition dioicous; calyptrae papillose, not or obscurely plicate, naked | → 3 |
2. Leaf margins plane, reflexed, recurved, revolute, or thick; leaves ± lanceolate, linear, ligulate, or oblong; apices obtuse, acute, acuminate, cuspidate, or mucronate; gemmae absent or present; sexual condition autoicous (dioicous in O. lyellii); calyptrae smooth or rarely papillose, plicate, hairy or naked | → 4 |
3. Leaf margins involute; distal laminal cell papillae 2 or 3 per cell; peristome absent; Newfoundland. | O. gymnostomum |
3. Leaf margins erect-incurved; distal laminal cell papillae 1 per cell; peristome present; boreal and western regions. | O. obtusifolium |
4. Leaves crisped-flexuose when dry; capsules oblong-cylindric or elliptic-cylindric when old, exserted or 1/2 emergent; stomata immersed; Pacific Northwest, Alaska | → 5 |
4. Leaves erect-appressed, erect, flexuose, or spreading when dry; capsules ovate, oblong, cylindric, or globose, immersed to exserted; stomata superficial or immersed; North America | → 6 |
5. Plants 8-20 cm; distal laminal cells 7-11 µm; setae (1.5-)2.5-6 mm; capsules exserted to long-exserted, elliptic-cylindric when old; exostome teeth 8, external surface finely papillose, internal surface finely striate; stomata to mid capsule. | O. consimile |
5. Plants to 1.6 cm; distal laminal cells 8-14 µm; setae (0.8-)1-3(-3.5) mm; capsules barely exserted or sometimes 1/2 emergent, oblong-cylindric; exostome teeth 16, rarely connate in 8 pairs, irregularly papillose-reticulate; stomata in mid and distal capsule. | O. pulchellum |
6. Leaves 3-4 mm; laminal gemmae present. | O. lyellii |
6. Leaves usually less than 3 mm; laminal gemmae absent or sometimes present | → 7 |
7. Stomata superficial; basal laminal cells elongate, walls thick, ± nodose | → 8 |
7. Stomata immersed; basal laminal cells rectangular, walls thin, not or somewhat nodose | → 26 |
8. Endostome segments occasionally rudimentary, usually absent; exostome teeth erect, sometimes reflexed when old and dry (recurved in O. shawii); prostome usually present | → 9 |
8. Endostome segments well developed, usually present when capsule is old; exostome teeth usually recurved or reflexed; prostome absent | → 15 |
9. Distal laminal cells 2-stratose; leaf margins plane; plants dark green to black. | O. bolanderi |
9. Distal laminal cells 1-stratose; leaf margins revolute or recurved; plants light green to olive green | → 10 |
10. Peristome rudimentary, appearing absent. | O. spjutii |
10. Peristome present, evident | → 11 |
11. Exostome teeth smooth; distal laminal cells smooth; calyptrae naked; prostome large; on seasonally wet rock. | O. holzingeri |
11. Exostome teeth papillose; distal laminal cells papillose; calyptrae usually hairy; prostome small or absent; on dry rock | → 12 |
12. Capsules cylindric or rarely oblong, exserted or rarely sometimes emergent | → 13 |
12. Capsules globose, ovate, ovate-oblong, short-oblong, or cylindric-ovate, immersed to emergent | → 14 |
13. Exostome teeth erect; capsules smooth or slightly plicate distally; exothecial cells homogeneous; endostome usually absent in open capsules. | O. laevigatum |
13. Exostome teeth reflexed-recurved; capsules slightly 8-ribbed distally; exothecial cells differentiated to mid capsule; endostome usually present in at least some capsules. | O. pylaisii |
14. Exostome teeth erect or sometimes spreading-recurved when old; usually on rock, sometimes trees. | O. rupestre |
14. Exostome teeth recurved; on trees. | O. shawii |
15. Exostome teeth reflexed, particularly when old (erect to recurved in O. fenestratum); endostome segments usually 8, narrow, usually of 1 row of cells | → 16 |
15. Exostome teeth recurved or rarely reflexed; endostome segments 8 or 16, thick, of 2 rows of cells | → 20 |
16. Capsules usually ovate to ovate-oblong, usually exserted; exostome teeth 16 or 8 splitting to 16 | → 17 |
16. Capsules usually oblong to cylindric, usually emergent to slightly exserted; exostome teeth 8 | → 18 |
17. Exostome fenestrate, cancellate; St. Paul's Island, Alaska. | O. fenestratum |
17. Exostome not fenestrate or cancellate; Arctic south to California. | O. pylaisii |
18. Capsules oblong, to 1/2 emergent; exostome teeth perforate only at apices, not cancellate; endostome segments usually absent when capsules are old and dry; leaf apices gradually acuminate- cuspidate; saxicolous; w United States. | O. praemorsum |
18. Capsules long-cylindric to oblong, 1/2 emergent to exserted, rarely immersed; exostome teeth deeply perforate, cancellate; endostome segments usually present when capsules are old and dry; leaf apices acute; corticolous; n North America. Capsules long-cylindric to cylindric, longer than 1.5 mm, ribbed to 2/3 length, over 1/2 emergent; endostome papillose; w North America. | O. affine |
19. Capsules oblong to oblong-cylindric, to 1.5 mm, ribbed to 1/2 -2/3 length, usually 1/2-2/3 emergent; endostome smooth or finely verrucose; Great Lakes area, ne North America, Alaska. | O. sordidum |
20. Calyptrae naked or hairs few near tip; endostome segments hyaline, delicate, as wide as exostome teeth; capsules widest at mouth, ovate-oblong; leaves oblong-lanceolate to oblong; apices rounded-obtuse; plants when mature to 1 cm. | O. exiguum |
20. Calyptrae hairy; endostome segments yellowish brown, stout, narrower than exostome teeth; capsules widest mid capsule or cylindric; leaves lanceolate, rarely oblong-lanceolate; apices acute to acuminate; plants when mature larger than 1 cm | → 21 |
21. Sexual condition dioicous; exostome teeth acuminate. | O. lyellii |
21. Sexual condition autoicous; exostome teeth acute or truncate | → 22 |
22. Leaf apices slender-acute; exostome teeth truncate, often connate at base; Appalachian Mountains. | O. keeverae |
22. Leaf apices acute or acuminate; exostome teeth acute, separate to base; absent in Appalachian Mountains | → 23 |
23. Exostome teeth 16; endostome usually not erose, segments 16; Arizona, New Mexico. | O. pycnophyllum |
23. Exostome teeth 8, or if 16, endostome erose, segments 8 to 16; temperate and boreal regions southward to California and Missouri | → 24 |
24. Capsules slightly 8-ribbed to mid capsule. | O. speciosum |
24. Capsules smooth. Capsules cylindric, emergent to sometimes short-exserted; exostome teeth 8; endostome segments 8. | O. elegans |
25. Capsules ovate, immersed; exostome teeth 16; endostome segments 16. | O. striatum |
26. Leaf apices obtuse; margins irregularly dentate at apex, or if entire, apex cucullate; calyptrae naked, papillose; on base of trees near streams or seasonally wet rock, sometimes submerged; west of Continental Divide | → 27 |
26. Leaf apices acute, narrowly obtuse, apiculate, cuspidate, or mucronate, occasionally obtuse; margins entire or denticulate at apex, occasionally papillose-crenulate; calyptrae naked or hairy, smooth; on trunks of trees or dry rock faces; California or e North America | → 28 |
27. Plants red-brown to black; leaf apices cucullate; margins entire to sometimes irregularly serrulate near apex; distal laminal cells to 20 µm. | O. euryphyllum |
27. Plants dark green to blackish; leaf apices flat; margins usually irregularly dentate at apex; distal laminal cells to 13 µm. | O. rivulare |
28. Capsules smooth, constricted at mouth by 8 short ribs when dry; exostome absent; California. | O. anodon |
28. Capsules smooth or 8- or 16-ribbed, usually constricted below mouth when dry; exostome present; widespread in North America | → 29 |
29. Distal laminal cells 2-stratose or rarely with few 1-stratose areas | → 30 |
29. Distal laminal cells usually 1-stratose, rarely 2-stratose in streaks or with marginal cells 2- to multistratose | → 31 |
30. Stems erect; leaves similar on vegetative and fertile stems; w North America. | O. hallii |
30. Primary stems creeping, vegetative and fertile stems erect; leaves differentiated on vegetative and fertile stems; California. | O. kellmanii |
31. Exostome teeth erect, incurved, or spreading, densely papillose, papillose-striate, striate, or reticulate-papillose; capsules 8- or 16-ribbed | → 32 |
31. Exostome teeth reflexed or sometimes erect or recurved, finely papillose, rarely striate at apices; capsules smooth or 8-ribbed | → 39 |
32. Endostome segments 16, filiform, well developed. | O. underwoodii |
32. Endostome segments absent, or 8, short, not well developed | → 33 |
33. Capsules exserted, oblong-cylindric to cylindric, usually with 8 long and 8 short ribs; distal laminal cells 1-stratose. | O. anomalum |
33. Capsules immersed or emergent, rarely short-exserted, ovate or oblong, usually with 8 or 16 ± uniform ribs; distal laminal cells 1- or partially 2-stratose | → 34 |
34. Capsules 16-ribbed, ovate; leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate; apices acute or rarely narrowly obtuse; distal laminal cells 1-stratose, rarely 2-stratose in streaks. | O. cupulatum |
34. Capsules 8- or rarely 16-ribbed, oblong or oblong-ovate, rarely ovate; leaves lanceolate, rarely oblong- or ovate-lanceolate; apices obtuse or blunt, rarely acute; distal laminal cells 1- or 2-stratose | → 35 |
35. Distal laminal and/or marginal cells 1-7-stratose | → 36 |
35. Distal laminal cells 1-stratose | → 37 |
36. Marginal and distal laminal cells mostly to completely 2-stratose. | O. hallii |
36. Marginal cells 2-7-stratose; distal laminal cells 1-stratose; occasionally with 2-stratose streaks. | O. strangulatum |
37. Plants appearing glaucous; distal laminal cell papillae large, conic or 2-fid; w North America. | O. pellucidum |
37. Plants dull; distal laminal cell papillae small, conic; e, c North America | → 38 |
38. Leaves narrowly lanceolate; margins revolute; capsules ovate; exostome teeth finely papillose. | O. lescurii |
38. Leaves oblong-lanceolate; margins plane or weakly recurved; capsules oblong; exostome teeth reticulate- papillose. | O. parvulum |
39. Capsules smooth when dry, wrinkled and slightly 8-plicate when old; exostome teeth 16, erect to recurved; endostome segments usually absent. | O. pusillum |
39. Capsules 8-ribbed when dry; exostome teeth 8, or 8 splitting to 16, reflexed, occasionally erect or revolute; endostome usually present | → 40 |
40. Leaf apices cuspidate; margins incurved to form channel at apex; sw United States. | O. bartramii |
40. Leaf apices obtuse, acute, or apiculate, rarely cuspidate; margins not forming channel at apex; widespread in North America | → 41 |
41. Stomata to 1/2 covered by subsidiary cells, cells not projecting, inner walls not much thickened; calyptrae usually naked, sometimes hairs few | → 42 |
41. Stomata 1/2 to completely covered by subsidiary cells, cells projecting, inner walls thickened; calyptrae usually hairy | → 44 |
42. Leaf apices acute, narrowly obtuse, or apiculate; leaves oblong-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate; distal laminal cells 9-14 µm. | O. pallens |
42. Leaf apices acute, apiculate, mucronate, or rounded-obtuse; leaves ovate-lanceolate, ovate-oblong, oblong-ligulate, or lanceolate; distal laminal cells 13-20 µm | → 43 |
43. Leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-ligulate; apices rounded-obtuse, often mucronate, carinate; w North America. | O. flowersii |
43. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate; apices sharply to slenderly acute, usually apiculate, not carinate; North America. | O. pumilum |
44. Marginal cells 2- or 3-stratose; on dry granite rock. | O. shevockii |
44. Marginal cells 1-stratose; on trees, mesic rock | → 45 |
45. Exostome teeth striate-reticulate distally; calyptra hairs strongly papillose; distal laminal cell papillae large, conic or 2-fid; leaves loosely twisted when dry. | O. alpestre |
45. Exostome teeth papillose; calyptra hairs smooth or papillose by projecting walls; distal laminal cells smooth or papillae low, not 2-fid; leaves stiff, erect-appressed when dry | → 46 |
46. Vaginula with hairs present | → 47 |
46. Vaginula with hairs absent | → 48 |
47. Capsule ribs thin, delicate when dry; California. | O. norrisii |
47. Capsule ribs thick, broad when dry; Newfoundland. | O. stramineum |
48. Leaf apices incurved when dry; capsules cylindric to cylindric-elliptic, not constricted below mouth; stomata in proximal 1/3 of capsule, covered by subsidiary cells; restricted to west coast. | O. tenellum |
48. Leaf apices not incurved when dry; capsules oblong-cylindric or ovate, not to strongly constricted below mouth; stomata mid capsule, covered by subsidiary cells or not; Rocky Mountains and eastward | → 49 |
49. Distal laminal cells larger than 14 µm, lumina smooth, rounded; leaf apices apiculate or slender-acute, rarely obtuse; leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate; stomata not or to 1/2 covered by subsidiary cells. | O. pumilum |
49. Distal laminal cells to 13 µm, lumina irregular due to uneven wall thickenings; leaf apices bluntly acute to obtuse; leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate; stomata 1/2 to completely covered by subsidiary cells | → 50 |
50. Capsules not constricted below mouth, ribs thin, delicate; exostome teeth 8 splitting to 16; subsidiary cells projecting vertically over stomata. | O. ohioense |
50. Capsules strongly constricted below mouth, ribs thick, broad; exostome teeth 8; subsidiary cells projecting horizontally over stomata. | O. stellatum |