Orthotrichum rupestre |
Orthotrichaceae |
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orthotrichum moss, rock bristle-moss |
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Habit | Plants (1–)3–12.5 cm, light green to olive green. | Plants small to large, in tufts, cushions, or mats, dark green, reddish brown, or olive brown, dull. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stem(s) | leaves stiff, erect-appressed when dry, narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2–4.5 mm; margins recurved to narrowly revolute to near apex, entire; apex sharply to slenderly acute; basal laminal cells elongate to rectangular, walls thick, ± nodose; distal cells 6–13 µm, 1-stratose, papillae 1 or 2 per cell, conic and small, or 2-fid and low. |
erect-ascending and often 2-fid, or creeping, branches many, erect or ascending, simple or 2-fid; outer cell walls thick, central strand absent, inner cells uniform, walls thin. |
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Leaves | erect-appressed, crowded, spirally twisted, flexuose, crisped, or contorted when dry, erect-spreading to squarrose-recurved when moist, ovate-lanceolate, ligulate-oblong, or lanceolate-linear, ± channeled; base not decurrent (decurrent in Zygodon); margins usually plane to revolute, rarely involute to erect, entire or sometimes denticulate near apex; apex rounded-obtuse, acute, occasionally acuminate, apiculate, or awned; costa strong, ending near apex; alar cells rarely differentiated; basal laminal cells rectangular, elongate-linear, quadrate, rounded, or elliptic; distal cells rounded-hexagonal, rarely rectangular, usually small, papillae 1–4(–6) per cell, conic or 2-fid, rarely smooth or mammillose, walls often incrassate. |
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Seta | to 1.8 mm. |
erect, dextrorse or sinistrorse, smooth or rarely rough. |
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Sexual condition | gonioautoicous. |
usually gonioautoicous or dioicous, rarely pseudautoicous or cladautoicous; perigonia terminal or lateral, sometimes occurring on dwarf male plants, budlike, large; perichaetia terminal, further branching occurring by innovations, perichaetial leaves sometimes larger than stem leaves. |
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Capsule | immersed, emergent, or slightly exserted, usually 1/3 emergent, globose ovate, ovate-oblong, or short-oblong, 1.3–1.8 mm, slightly or distinctly 8-ribbed 1/2–2/3 length; stomata superficial; peristome single, rarely double; prostome large, conspicuous, or rudimentary; exostome teeth 16, erect or sometimes spreading-recurved when old, smooth, scattered-papillose, or coarsely papillose-granulate; endostome segments absent, or rarely 8, rudimentary, of 1 row of cells, smooth or roughened. |
erect, immersed, emergent, or exserted, ovate to cylindric-fusiform, symmetric, smooth or 8-ribbed, rarely 16-ribbed, sometimes constricted below mouth; exothecial cells rectangular to elliptic, often differentiated into bands; stomata superficial or immersed, usually below mid capsule, well developed; annulus poorly developed or absent; operculum convex to conic, rostrate; peristome double, single, rudimentary or rarely absent; prostome sometimes present, usually fragmentary; exostome teeth 16, usually connate in 8 pairs, erect, recurved, or reflexed, lanceolate, thick, densely papillose or striate; endostome segments 8 or 16 when present, hyaline, thin, linear-lanceolate, alternating with exostome teeth or connate to form rudimentary membrane, cilia absent. |
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Calyptra | oblong, smooth, hairy or rarely naked, hairs finely papillose. |
mitrate or rarely cucullate, usually large and conspicuous, hairy or naked, plicate or not. |
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Spores | 13–21 µm. |
isosporous or anisosporous. |
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Specialized | asexual reproduction absent. |
asexual reproduction occasional, by gemmae. |
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Orthotrichum rupestre |
Orthotrichaceae |
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Habitat | Non-calcareous boulders and cliff faces in mesic areas of pine, spruce-fir, or aspen forests, base of trees, subalpine shade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | low to high elevations (100-3000 m) (low to high elevations (300-9800 ft)) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; NU; ON; YT; South America; e Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands); Greenland; n Africa; e Asia (Japan); Europe; Australia
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Nearly worldwide |
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Discussion | In typical form, Orthotrichum rupestre is characterized as much-branched plants in loose tufts with lanceolate leaves, apex narrowly and bluntly acute, basal cells elongate, thick-walled, and nodose, yellowish in older leaves, capsule oblong, emergent, 8-ribbed to mid capsule when old and dry, smooth or slightly 8-ribbed when mature, exostome of 16 erect teeth, coarsely papillose, and calyptra with abundant, spinulose, papillose hairs, some of which extend over the beak. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 22, species ca. 380 (9 genera, 71 species in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 28, p. 65. | FNA vol. 28, p. 37. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Orthotrichaceae > Orthotrichum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Dorcadion rupestre, O. bullatum, O. californicum, O. douglasii, O. macfaddenae, O. rupestre var. globosum, O. rupestre var. macfaddenae, O. texanum, O. texanum var. globosum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Schleicher ex Schwagrichen: Sp. Musc. Frond. Suppl. 1(2): 27, plate 53 [top]. (1816) | Schimper | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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