Flora of North America species comparison

leaves loosely erect-appressed and ± loosely twisted when dry, elongate- to ovate-lanceolate, 2–3.5 mm;

margins revolute to below apex, entire;

apex sharply acute, sometimes acuminate, cuspidate, or apiculate;

basal laminal cells long-rectangular to rectangular, walls thin, sometimes nodose at insertion;

distal cells 9–14 µm, 1-stratose, papillae 2 or 3 per cell, conic or 2-fid, large.

leaves erect-appressed when dry, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.4–2 mm;

margins erect-incurved, entire;

apex obtuse;

basal laminal cells ± rectangular, walls thick, not nodose;

distal cells 13–18(–20) µm, 1-stratose, papillae 1 per cell, conic, large.

to 1.4 mm.

0.5 mm.

gonioautoicous.

dioicous.

1/2–3/4 emergent, sometimes almost exserted, oblong-ovate when mature, oblong to short-cylindric when old and dry, to 1.4 mm, strongly 8-ribbed 2/3 to entire length, constricted below mouth when dry;

stomata immersed, 1/2 covered by subsidiary cells, cells projecting, inner walls thickened;

peristome double;

prostome absent;

exostome teeth 8, reflexed, densely and evenly papillose, striate-reticulate distally;

endostome segments 8 or 16, well developed, of 1 or 2 rows of cells, smooth or finely roughened.

1/2 emergent, oblong-cylindric, 1.6–2 mm, strongly 8-ribbed to base;

stomata superficial;

peristome double;

prostome absent;

exostome teeth 8, reflexed, evenly papillose, sometimes irregularly striate distally;

endostome segments 8, well developed, of 2 rows of cells, smooth.

oblong, smooth, ± hairy, hairs strongly papillose.

short-conic, papillose, naked, not plicate.

10–15 µm.

20–25 µm.

asexual reproduction on leaves.

asexual reproduction by gemmae on both surfaces of leaf.