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conifer broomrape

many-flower broomrape

Habit Plants simple or few-branched from near base, 10–40 cm, slender, base enlarged. Plants simple or few-branched, 7–27 cm, relatively slender, base usually not enlarged.
Roots

conspicuous (usually forming an irregularly globular mass), stout, unbranched.

usually inconspicuous, slender, unbranched or branched.

Leaves

numerous, appressed proximally, spreading distally;

blade lanceolate to oblong-ovate or triangular-ovate, 6–20 mm, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces usually glabrous.

numerous, appressed;

blade lanceolate or broadly triangular, 3–10 mm, margins entire, sometimes ciliate, apex acute, surfaces glabrous.

Inflorescences

open, cylindric panicles, ochraceous, red-brown, purple or purple streaked, yellow, or cream-white, loosely branched, rarely simple, cinereous glandular-puberulent;

flowers numerous, widely spaced proximally, clustered distally;

bracts reflexed, narrowly lanceolate, 3–6 mm, apex acuminate, moderately glandular-puberulent.

racemes, sometimes thyrsoid, pale yellow, white, or tan proximally, purple or pale lavender distally, sometimes branched, densely glandular-pubescent, appearing whitish or canescent, sometimes with axillary branches;

flowers numerous;

bracts erect to reflexed, ± lanceolate, 11–20 mm, apex acute or acuminate, densely glandular-pubescent.

Pedicels

0–2(–6) mm, much shorter than plant axis;

bracteoles 2.

0–5 mm, much shorter than plant axis;

bracteoles 2.

Flowers

calyx yellow, brown, or purple, ± radially symmetric, 5–8 mm, divided into 5 subequal lobes, lobes slightly shorter than to ca. as long as tube, subulate, puberulent;

corolla 13–19 mm, tube white, cream, or light yellow, sometimes reddish brown to purple tinged or with reddish brown or purple veins, strongly constricted above ovary, bent forward, glandular-pubescent;

palatal folds not prominent, pale or light yellow, glabrous;

lips externally white, cream, or light yellow, sometimes reddish or purplish tinged distally or with reddish brown to purple veins, internally reddish brown to purple, sometimes pale with reddish brown or purple veins, abaxial lip spreading, 3–4 mm, lobes narrowly lanceolate, apex rounded, adaxial lip spreading, 3–4 mm, lobes lanceolate, apex rounded, acute, or emarginate;

filaments with ring of hairs at base, anthers included or 1 pair exserted, glabrous or sparsely pubescent.

calyx pallid externally, purple internally, weakly bilaterally symmetric, 15–21 mm, deeply divided into 5 lobes, lobes lanceolate-attenuate, densely glandular-pubescent;

corolla 22–36 mm, tube white to pallid or cream, sometimes pinkish or light purplish tinged, rarely light yellow distally, sometimes with purple veins, constricted above ovary, only slightly bent forward, densely pubescent;

palatal folds prominent, yellow, densely pubescent;

lips externally white to pallid or cream, sometimes pinkish or light purplish tinged, internally pink or purple, sometimes white with purple veins, rarely light yellow, abaxial lip spreading, 5–9 mm, lobes broadly lanceolate, apex obtuse or rounded, adaxial lip erect or reflexed, 6–12 mm, lobes oblong, apex rounded;

filaments pilose with ring of hairs at insertion, anthers included, woolly.

Capsules

ovoid, 6–7 mm.

ovoid, 8–12 mm.

Seeds

0.3–0.5 mm.

0.4–0.5 mm.

2n

= 48.

= 48.

Orobanche pinorum

Orobanche multiflora

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep. Flowering Aug–Sep.
Habitat Dry coniferous forests, rocky slopes. Arid grasslands, semideserts, open woodlands.
Elevation 200–2500 m. (700–8200 ft.) 0–2500 m. (0–8200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; ID; NM; NV; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CO; NM; TX
Discussion

Orobanche pinorum is unusual in appearance as the stem and inflorescence axis are often markedly darker in color than the flowers.

Orobanche pinorum is chiefly host-specific on Holodiscus discolor (Rosaceae) and is largely sympatric with that species. There are a few occurrences outside the range of H. discolor where it is reported on other species of Holodiscus. Unverified reports on herbarium sheets of parasitism on various conifers exist. Disjunct locations in Nevada and New Mexico are noteworthy, because they suggest that this species may be found in appropriate habitat in the intervening Great Basin territory.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Orobanche multiflora is parasitic mainly on Gutierrezia and occasionally Heterotheca (Asteraceae). A population in southern Texas is parasitic on Varilla texana (Asteraceae).

There is considerable confusion about what constitutes Orobanche multiflora. It has been interpreted as both a variety and subspecies of O. ludoviciana. The much larger flowers (22–36 mm versus 14–20 mm) set it apart from O. ludoviciana. P. A. Munz (1930) described four varieties of O. multiflora: vars. arenosa, multiflora (as typica), pringlei, and xanthocroa. Variety xanthocroa was based on a specimen of Conopholis. Variety arenosa is treated in synonymy under O. ludoviciana. Variety pringlei was based on a few specimens from northeastern Mexico that appear to represent an undescribed species.

The distribution range is not well defined in the literature. The authors consider Orobanche multiflora to have a much more restricted range than previously indicated, occurring mostly in Colorado, New Mexico, and adjacent northwestern Texas, with disjunct populations in southern Texas that are apparently this species. Specimen data indicate that the species distribution is most likely east of the Continental Divide; plants from west of the continental divide with this binomial are probably misidentified.

Plants from five counties in extreme southern Texas, near the Mexican border, appear to be a disjunct variant of Orobanche multiflora that flowers in spring. The flowers are about the same length, but the corolla tube is much narrower. Margins of the petals are often undulate and are an unusual shade of blue-purple. The pubescence at the base of the filaments is also reduced. Host and habitat differences also raise questions about the classification of these plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 475. FNA vol. 17, p. 482.
Parent taxa Orobanchaceae > Orobanche Orobanchaceae > Orobanche
Sibling taxa
O. arizonica, O. bulbosa, O. californica, O. cooperi, O. corymbosa, O. fasciculata, O. ludoviciana, O. minor, O. multiflora, O. parishii, O. ramosa, O. riparia, O. robbinsii, O. uniflora, O. valida, O. vallicola
O. arizonica, O. bulbosa, O. californica, O. cooperi, O. corymbosa, O. fasciculata, O. ludoviciana, O. minor, O. parishii, O. pinorum, O. ramosa, O. riparia, O. robbinsii, O. uniflora, O. valida, O. vallicola
Synonyms Aphyllon pinorum, Myzorrhiza pinorum Aphyllon multiflorum, Myzorrhiza multiflora, O. ludoviciana subsp. multiflora, O. ludoviciana var. multiflora
Name authority Geyer ex Hooker: Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 297. (1851) Nuttall: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 22. (1848)
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