Orobanche californica |
Orobanche californica subsp. grayana |
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California broomrape, wing rib |
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Habit | Plants simple or branched proximally, 4–35(–40) cm, slender or stout, base sometimes enlarged. | Plants usually branched proximally, 4–10 cm, portion proximal to inflorescence 1–3(–4) cm, slender. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Roots | inconspicuous (rarely forming a bulbous mass), slender or stout, unbranched, sometimes branched (subsp. grandis). |
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Leaves | numerous, appressed; blade broadly ovate, triangular, deltate, lanceolate, or oblong, 4–12 mm, margins entire or erosulate, apex obtuse or rounded, surfaces glabrous. |
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Inflorescences | corymbs (sometimes subcapitate), sometimes racemes or subcorymbose racemes, dark purple, reddish purple, pinkish, or pallid cream to nearly white, simple, sometimes inconspicuously branched, densely glandular-puberulent; flowers numerous (rarely 10 or fewer in depauperate plants); bracts appressed to spreading, ± lanceolate to oblanceolate, 5–15 mm, apex acute, glandular-pubescent. |
corymbs, sometimes subcorymbose racemes, 3–6 cm; bracts pallid to pinkish tinged, drying brown. |
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Pedicels | 0–20(–25) mm, shorter than plant axis; bracteoles 2. |
5–20 mm. |
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Flowers | calyx pallid to dark purple, pink, yellow, or white, ± weakly bilaterally symmetric, 8–20(–27) mm, deeply divided into 5 (sometimes reflexed or contorted) lobes, lobes subulate to linear-subulate, gradually attenuate, glandular-pubescent; corolla 22–50(–55) mm, tube white or cream to pinkish or purplish tinged or pink to purple, sometimes with darker veins, constricted above ovary, curved forward, sparsely to moderately glandular-puberulent; palatal folds prominent, yellow, glabrous (lacking blisterlike swellings), sometimes pubescent; lips white or cream to pinkish or purplish tinged (then sometimes appearing reddish brown in herbarium specimens) or pink to purple, sometimes with darker veins or dark purple distally, abaxial lip widely spreading, 8–15 mm, lobes ± lanceolate to ± oblong, lanceolate-subulate, narrowly triangular, or lanceolate-ovate, apex ± acute to rounded or obtuse, sometimes retuse or emarginate, adaxial lip ± spreading, 10–15(–18) mm, lobes broadly deltate to ovate or oblong, apex bluntly pointed to rounded, obtuse, acute, shallowly retuse, erosulate, emarginate, shallowly notched, or erose; filaments glabrous, anthers included, densely villous on sutures, rarely glabrous. |
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Corollas | pallid to pinkish or pale lavender, often with lavender veins, (25–)28–33 mm; tube slender, abruptly widening toward throat; throat 8–10 mm wide at base of lobes; lips 10–12 mm, abaxial lobes lanceolate to lanceolate-subulate, 2–3 mm wide, apex acute, adaxial lobes oblong-ovate, apex narrowly rounded, shallowly retuse, or erosulate. |
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Calyces | 11–15 mm, lobes pallid, sometimes purplish, linear-subulate, (7–)9–13(–16) mm. |
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Capsules | ovoid to cylindric-ovoid, 10–12 mm. |
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Seeds | 0.4–0.6 mm. |
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2n | = 48. |
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Orobanche californica |
Orobanche californica subsp. grayana |
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Phenology | Flowering (Jun–)Aug–Sep. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Moist meadows and stream margins. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | (50–)300–2100 m. ((200–)1000–6900 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC; nw Mexico
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CA; OR; WA |
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Discussion | Subspecies 6 (6 in the flora). Plants of Orobanche californica occur almost entirely in and west of the Cascade-Sierra Nevada-Peninsular ranges from British Columbia south to the Sierra San Pedro Mártir in Baja California. Host plants are various perennial members of Asteraceae. L. R. Heckard (1973) discussed the difficulty of presenting a classification for Orobanche californica based on the few morphological features that must be used for taxonomic delineation and the sometimes baffling disjunctions in the distribution of the variants. He recognized six subspecies based on geographic variations that demonstrate the considerable variability within the species. The following key to subspecies is adapted from the key by Heckard. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies grayana is distributed in the Cascade-Sierra Nevada ranges, Coast Ranges (central California and southern Oregon), and mountains of the Columbia Plateau in Oregon, from Klickitat County, Washington, south to Tuolumne County, California. It is rare throughout the range, possibly locally extirpated in portions of the range in Oregon. The hosts are primarily species of Aster and Erigeron and occasionally Grindelia. Other reported non-Asteraceae hosts are unlikely. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 478. | FNA vol. 17, p. 480. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Orobanchaceae > Orobanche | Orobanchaceae > Orobanche > Orobanche californica | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Aphyllon californicum, Myzorrhiza californica, Phelypaea californica | O. grayana, Aphyllon californicum subsp. grayanum, Myzorrhiza grayana | ||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 3: 134. (1828) | (Beck) Heckard: Madroño 22: 54. (1973) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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